Elbe river

Matthies M, Berlekamp J, Lautenbach S, Graf N, Relmer S (2006) System analysis of water quality management for the Elbe river basin. Environ Modell Softw 21 1309-1318... 

Hecker, M., Tyler, C.R., and Hoffmann, M. et al. (2002). Plasma biomarkers in fish provide evidence for endocrine modulation in the Elbe River, Germany. Environmental Science and Technology 36, 2311-2321. 

Nolet, B.A., V.A.A. Dijkstra, and D. Heidecke. 1994. Cadmium in beavers translocated from the Elbe River to the Rhine/Meuse estuary, and the possible effect on population growth rate. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27 154-161. 

For confirmation of low concentrations of NPEO homologues in complex samples from the Elbe river, APCI—LC—MS—MS(+) was applied to record the substance-characteristic ion mass trace of m/z 291. The SPE isolates contained complex mixtures of different surfactants. The presence of NPEOs in these complex samples was confirmed by generating the precursor ion mass spectrum of m/z 291 applying MS— MS in the FIA-APCI(+) mode. This spectrum, showed in Fig. 2.6.5, presents the characteristic series of ions of NPEOs at m/z 458, 502,...,678, all equally spaced with A m/z 44 u. Besides the NPEOs, small amounts of impurities could be observed because of the very low concentrations of NPEOs in the water sample [25]. In the foam sample, the identity of NPEOs could be easily confirmed by APCI-FIA-MS-MS(+) because of their high concentrations in this matrix. The LC-... 

Germany, Elbe River, 1988, mercury-contaminated by cblor-alkali plants ... 

Levels of up to 1.9 pg/L di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were found in rivers of the greater Manchester area. United Kingdom (Fatoki Vernon, 1990) and at unspecified levels as contaminants of the Elbe River and its tributaries in Germany during the period 1992-94 (Franke et al., 1995). 

Franke, S., Hildebrandt, S., Schwarzbauer, J., Link, M. Franke, W. (1995) Oiganic compounds as contaminants of the Elbe River and its tributaries. Part II GC/MS screening for contaminants of the Elbe water. FreseniusJ. anal. Chem., 353, 39-49... 

Bockelmann, U., W. Manz, T. R. Neu, and U. Szewzyk. 2000. Characterization of the microbial community of lotic organic aggregates ( river snow ) in the Elbe River of Germany by cultivation and molecular methods. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 33 157—170. 

Table 11.2 Results of chemical equilibrium modelling of the contribution of ferrous iron phases to the proportion of iron (in %) extracted from an anoxic freshwater sediment from the Elbe River near Hamburg (Germany) by the first two acetate buffer steps of a modified Tessier sequential extraction scheme...

Schwarzbauer, J., M. Ricking, S. Franke, and W. Francke. 2001. Halogenated organic contaminants in sediments of the Havel and Spree Rivers (Germany). Part 5 of organic compounds as contaminants of the Elbe River and its tributaries. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 4015 -025. 

Paukert, T. and Z. Sirotek. 1993. A study of the microwave treatment of water samples from the Elbe River, Bohemia, Czech Republic. Chem. Geol. 107 133-144. 

VanPut, A. et al., Geochemical characterization of suspended matter and sediment samples from the Elbe River by EPXMA, Water Res., 28, 643, 1994. 

Hussian, M., GrimvaH, A., and Petersen, W. (2004). Estimation of the human impact on nutrient loads carried by the Elbe River. Environ. Monit. Assess. 96, 15—33. 

Benzothiazoles from vulcanization of rubber tires are found so enriched in some situations that they are used as a marker for street run-off water. Thiocya-natomethylthiobenzothiazole used as a fungicide in wood protection and antifouling paints may degrade into benzothiazoles and methylthiobenzothiazole is used in vulcanization processes, so these materials find their way into rivers and ultimately estuaries. Bester et al. (1997) determined the presence of benzothiazole and methylthiobenzothiazole in estuarine and marine waters. Their concentrations range from 0.04 ngL to 1.37 ngL . Methylthiobenzothiazole and benzothiazole vary from 0.25 ng L to 2.7 ngL in the North Sea, while 55 ngL methylthiobenzothiazole was found in the Elbe River. 

Borovec Z., Tolar V., and Mraz L. (1993) Distribution of some metals in sediments of the central part of the Labe (Elbe) River, Czech Republic. Ambio 22, 200-205. 

The Czech Republic is a landlocked state lying in the middle of a mild band of the northern hemisphere in the centre of Europe. The Czech Republic has state borders with Poland, Germany, Austria and Slovakia. The total length of the state borders is 2290 km, of which 738km are defined by rivers - the so-called wet border . The territory of the Czech Republic is on the basins of three important European rivers - the Elbe, the Odra and the Morava (Danube), dividing the basins of the North Sea, the Baltic and the Black Sea. The Orlice River is one of the rivers which composed the Elbe River basin. 

In addition, PASTEL UV was also used to assess the variability of Elbe River in Hradec Kralove (CZ Republic) and the obtained results have shown (Figure 2.4.5) a nonsignificant variability for 6 days, except for TSS concentration level. The increase of TSS concentration (x4) between 8 November and 11 November is probably due to spot sampling procedure and not to the TSS measurement. 

Figure 2.4.5 Temporal variability data from Elbe River (Hradec Kralove)...

Behrendt H, Eckert B, Opitz D (1999) The Havel river a source of pollution for the Elbe river - the retention funktion of regulated river stretches. In Senate Department of Urban Development (Senatsverwaltung lur Stadtentwicklung, Umweltschutz und Reaktorsicherheit), Ed. Zukunft Wasser, Dokumentation zum 2. Berliner Symposium Aktionsprogramm Spree/Havel 2000 der Senatsverwaltung fur Stadtentwicklung, Umweltschutz und Reaktorsicherheit, Berlin 33-39... 

BR/NP Wadden Sea Bodden NP of Western Pomerania River Elbe River Rhine Bomhoeved Lake District... 

TXIB (2,2,4-trimethyl-l,3-pentanedioldi-fro-butyrate, No. 21 according to Table 1, chemical structure see Figure 2) appeared in most of the investigated Lippe river water samples (see Table 1). Its occurrence as contaminant in Elbe river water and sediments of the German Bight has been reported by Franke et al. (1995) and Schwarzbauer et al. (2000), respectively. According to a study of the Danish EPA (2001), TXIB has a relatively low water solubility (1-2 mg/L, estimated K0w 4.1) and a low toxicity. 

The median HHCB/AHTN ratio in Lippe river water was 2.9 (Dsikowitzky et al., 2002), close to the HHCB/AHTN ratio of 2.5, which was deduced from the 1995 European use volumes (Balk and Ford, 1999a). However, in water samples from the Elbe river, the Saale river and the Mulde river, Germany, lower median HHCB/AHTN ratios were determined, 1.4 to 1.8 (data compiled by Rimkus, 1999). Apparently, HHCB/AHTN ratios are subject to fluctuations, since Simonich et al. (2000) have shown that the percent removal of both compounds during wastewater treatment in the STPs analysed was very similar. 

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