Pesticides bifenthrin

Observing the amount and variety of pesticides analyzed by GC chromatography we decided to observe 14 of the most represented pesticides Prometryn, Deltamethrin, Fenitrothion, Tebuconazole, Buprofezin, Malathion, Myclobutanyl, Atrazine, Acetochlor, Bifenthrin, Alachlor, Pendimethalin, Dichlonuid and Trifluralin. 

Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Meeting on Pesticide Residues (1992) 838. Bifenthrin. Pesticide residues in food, evaluations Part II toxicology. http //www.inchem.org/documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v92pr04.htm. Accessed 14 Feb 2011... 

Fecko A (1999) Environmental fate of bifenthrin. Fate reviews. California Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento, pp 10. http //www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/pubs/envfate. htm... 

Hoagland, K.D., Drenner, R.W., Smith, J.D. and Cross, D.R. (1993) Fresh-water community responses to mixtures of agricultural pesticides - effects of atrazine and bifenthrin. Environ Toxicol Chem, 12, 627-637. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Pesticide Fact Sheet Bifenthrin, No. 177, Washington, DC, 1988. 

Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids Absorption Eluman toxicity Exposure symptoms Pesticide uses Exemplars Inhalation, ingestion Low human toxicities by themselves Irritating to mouth, nose, throat Insecticides and acaricides Pyrethrin, dimethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, bifenthrin... 

Exposures to low levels of pesticides are those that occur when toxic effects are observed following inhalation, ingestion, or dermal absorption of concentrations not known to be toxic. An example is the exposure to a commercial formulation of a bifenthrin-containing (8.15) insecticide that was shown to be neurotoxic at levels 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the NOEL for bifenthrin alone J34l Other chemicals contained in the commercial formula include a surfactant, heavy petroleum naphtha (5.0-6.5) and aromatic petroleum distillate (5.0-7.0). 

NLD 14 Aug 2001 The chemical is banned. The authorization for the application of bifenthrin as a pesticide was cancelled. All agricultural applications are prohibited. Bifenthrin is allowed as a biocide under certain restrictions for pest control. (Reference (EP3) UNEP/FAO - PIC Circulars XIV, XV, XVI, XVII - 12/2001, 6/2002, 12/2002,6/2003, )... 

Pyrethroid pesticides Allethrin , Bifenthrin , Deltamethrin , Permethrin , Resmethrin , Tetramethrin , Tralomethrin . 

An example of a supervised trial model in the Pesticide Agenda is shown in Figure 1, using bifenthrin at the highest recommended dosage on clementines. Application method, dosage, and equipment used are indicated in the information accompanying the decline curve. Five samples of 16 fruits each were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after application and processed for residue analysis. 

The dissipation curve was statistically calculated and plotted accordingly [11]. Corresponding values for LOD, LOQ, and percent recovery from non-treated samples are shown below. In this particular case, to reach, for example, a dtrus fruit tolerance of 0.1 mg/kg for bifenthrin, the Pesticide Agenda would recommend a pre-harvest interval of 28 days to the growers. 

Finally, even if most of the pesticides worldwide are used in fruit and vegetable crops, data on pesticide residues in animal products are also essential, taking into account that livestock can be easily exposed to pesticides directly or through residues in their feed. For instance, the 2009 European Union Report revealed the presence of 34 different pesticides in animal products [115]. Garcfa de Llasera et al. [128] revealed the presence of chlofenvinphos and chlorpyrifos in liver samples, whereas a-endosnlfan, endosulfan sulfate, and dichloran have been reported in pork and lamb samples (<10 pg/kg) [129]. Bolafios et al. [130] studied the occurrence of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in chicken eggs. Benzene hexachloride and 28 polychlorinated biphenyl were detected in only one of the 30 samples at concentrations of 15 and 10 ng/g, respectively. However, five samples also contained traces of OC and PCB residues, even if at concentration levels below the limit of quantification. Einally, a-endosulfan and P-endosulfan were found in commercial milk-based infant formulas at concentration levels from 1.18 to 5.03 pg/kg [35]. The same study also showed the presence of fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos ethyl, and bifenthrin at maximum concentrations of 0.23,1.30, and 0.68 pg/kg, respectively. 

Chemicals Chlorinated pyridinal Organophosphate pesticides o-Phthalaldehyde Triclosan Polychlorinated biphenyls Chlorofluorocarbons Chlorinated aromatics hydrocarbons Halogenated biocides Atrazine Petroleum hydrocarbons Amitraz Bifenthrin Other pesticides, herbicides, biocides, fumigants, germicides, etc. 

Two synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, bifenthrin and permethrin (3-phenoxybenzyl (lR5)-cis-fra s-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimcthylcyclopropane-carboxylate), are the major runoff constituents considered in our monitoring and evaluation studies. Bifenthrin has a solubility of <1 ppb, and a Koc of240,000 ml g. Permedirin has a solubility of 6 ppb in water, and a Ka- of 100,000 ml g (5). The stroi adsorption on soil suggests that a large fiaction of the pesticide is associated wifii die suspended solids in nursery runoff. This determines that the downstream distribution of these pesticides is closely related to distribution of sediments, and that practices aiming to remove suspended solids from runoff will also be effective in reducing the level of these pesticides. 

To analyze bifenthrin and pennethrin, a 250-mL aliquot of each nmoff san le was transferred to a 1-L separatory funnel and extracted with SO mL ethyl acetate by shaking for 1 min. The solvent phase was collected after phase separation. The same extraction step was repeated for two more times. The ethyl acetate extracts were combined and mixed with SO g of anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove the residual water. The extract was then evaporated to near dryness on a rotary evaporator, and pesticide residues were redissolved in S ml acetone-hexane (1 1, v/v) for analysis by gas chromatograph (GC). 

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