Bifenthrin

Bifenthrin ((2-methyl[1,1 -biphenyl]-3-yl)-methyl-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1 -propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate) 

This chemical is used for the control of cone worms, seed bugs, seed worms, and other insects and mites. The USEPA has classified bifenthrin as toxicity class II, meaning it is moderately toxic.4,5 Bifenthrin is a member of the pyrethroid chemical class. It is an insecticide and acaricide that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes paralysis in insects.6,7 It is highly toxic to fish and aquatic organisms. 

Toxicity Bifenthrin has an acute oral LD50 in female rats of 53.8 mg/kg and 70 mg/kg in males. The acute dermal LD50 of bifenthrin was greater than 2,000 mg/kg for rabbits. The chemical did not show any skin or eye irritation in tests with rabbits. The LC50 in rats was 1.86 mg/L for Capture 2EC (the formulation). Large doses may cause incoordination, tremor, salivation, vomiting, 

Deltamethrin (cyano(3-phenoxy-phenyl)methyl 2-(2,2dibromoethenyl)-2,2-dimethyly loropane carboxylate) 

Deltamethrin is a crystalline powder, white or slightly beige in color. The formulations include emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, ultra-low volume and flowable formulations, and granules. There are no known incompatibilities with other common insecticides and fungicides. It is used as a contact poison to control apple and pear suckers, plum fruit moths, caterpillars on brassicas, pea moths, aphids (apples, plums, hops), winter moths (apples and plums), and codling and tortrix moths (apples). It also is used in control of aphids, mealybugs, scale insects, and whiteflies on glasshouse cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, potted plants, and ornamentals.9-11 

CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID, 3-(2-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUORO-1-PROPENYL)-2,2-OIMETHYL-, (2-METHYU1,1 -8IPHENYL]-3-YL)METHYL ESTER, [1ALPHA.,3 ALPHA.(Z)] 

Country Effective Date Description of action taken Grounds for decision 

NLD 14 Aug 2001 The chemical is banned. The authorization for the application of bifenthrin as a pesticide was cancelled. All agricultural applications are prohibited. Bifenthrin is allowed as a biocide under certain restrictions for pest control. (Reference (EP3) UNEP/FAO - PIC Circulars XIV, XV, XVI, XVII - 12/2001, 6/2002, 12/2002,6/2003, ) 

Bibliographical references FAO PLANT PRODUCTION PROTECTION PAPER. 116, 24,1993 FAO PLANT PRODUCTION PROTECTION PAPER. 118(PART1). 117,1993 FAO PLANT PRODUCTION PROTECTION PAPER, 133, 41,1995 

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Observing the amount and variety of pesticides analyzed by GC chromatography we decided to observe 14 of the most represented pesticides Prometryn, Deltamethrin, Fenitrothion, Tebuconazole, Buprofezin, Malathion, Myclobutanyl, Atrazine, Acetochlor, Bifenthrin, Alachlor, Pendimethalin, Dichlonuid and Trifluralin. 

Gas ehromatography mass-mass aequisition was used for the pyrethroid determination. Pyrethroids investigated were Allethrin, Prallethrin, Tetramethrin, Bifenthrin, Phenothrin, X-Cyhalothrin, Permethrin, Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Flueythrinate, Fsfenvalerate, Fluvalinate and Deltamethrin. Piperonyl butoxide, main synergist eompound for pyrethroid eompounds, was also studied. 

In an extension to the studies mentioned above, the actions of 11 commercial pyrethroids on calcium influx and glutamate release were assessed using a high-throughput approach with rat brain synaptosomes [75, 76]. Concentration-dependent response curves for each commercial pyrethroid were determined and the data used in a cluster analysis. Previously characterized Type II pyrethroids that induce the CS-syndrome symptoms (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and esfenvalerate) increased calcium influx and glutamate release, and clustered with two other ot-cyano pyrethroids (p-cyfluthrin and A-cyhalothrin) that shared these same actions. Previously characterized Type I pyrethroids (bioallethrin, cismethrin, and fenpropathrin) did not share these actions and clustered with two other non-cyano pyrethroids (tefluthrin and bifenthrin) that likewise did not elicit these actions. 

DNT studies on six pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and deltamethrin) were carried out in accordance with... 

R40 (Care. Cat. 3) was proposed. The tumors occurred in mice exposed to bifenthrin on multiple sites (urinary bladder, leukemia), and therefore without robust mechanistic data the carcinogenic potential of bifenthrin could not be excluded. It was noted the tumors did not impact on the risk assessment [65],... 

Treatment of rats with cypermethrin up to 8 mg/kg/day produced no malformations [140]. Maternally toxic dose level of bifenthrin did not produce adverse effects on embryonic development in rats [141], A rabbit teratology study with 30 or 90 mg/kg/day tetramethrin during fetal organogenesis demonstrated no adverse effects on skeletal or external development [137]. 

Wolansky MJ, McDaniel KL, Moser VC et al (2007) Influence of dosing volume on the neurotoxicity of bifenthrin. Neurotoxicol Teratol 29 377-384... 

European Food Safety Authority (2008) Scientific Report 186,1-109. Conclusion on the peer review of bifenthrin. http //www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/doc/186r.pdf. Accessed 14 Feb 2011... 

Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Meeting on Pesticide Residues (1992) 838. Bifenthrin. Pesticide residues in food, evaluations Part II toxicology. http //www.inchem.org/documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v92pr04.htm. Accessed 14 Feb 2011... 

McCarty JD, Freeman C, Watt BA (2002) Comparison of dietary and oral gavage administration of bifenthrin in developmental toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicologist 66(1-S) 320... 

Metabolism of bifenthrin, S-bioallethrin, bioresmethrin, (S-cyfiuthrin. cypermethrin, m-permethrin, and fnmv-pennethrin were examined in rat and human hepatic... 

Bifenthrin Aphidius rhopalosiphi Limit test Mortality 7.5 g a.i./ha - 100%... 

The field nontarget arthropod data for pyrethroids summarized in Table 9 indicate that for all pyrethroids there was an initial reduction in abundance for some species shortly after application. There was a trend of more marked effects at the higher full field application rates with less marked affects at the lower drift rates tested (e.g., Deltamethrin, bifenthrin, and esfenvalerate). Also there was a trend of greater selectivity (i.e., fewer taxa affected) at lower drift rates (e.g., /amMa-cyhalothrin and Deltamethrin). For nearly all the pyrethroid field studies, either full or partial recovery of affected taxa was reported by the end of the field study or growing season, and in some cases for certain taxa, recovery occurred within 1-3 weeks. 

Bifenthrin Orchard 2 app at either 20, 30, or 50 g a.i./ha with 21 day spray interval Effects reported on all groups of predators at all application rates but with more marked effect at 50 g a.i./ha Full recovery not reported at 50 g a.i./ha by end of study. Signs of recovery were reported by end of study at 20-30 g a.i./ha... 

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