Peritoneum

Mansonellaperstans adult worms five encysted in various peritoneal tissues (eg, pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum). Af. perstans microfilariae are not affected by diethylcarbama2ine but mebenda2ole has been successful in treating Af. perstans filariasis (33). 

Asbestos Respiratory tract - carcinoma Pleura and peritoneum -mesothelioma Gastrointestinal tract - carcinoma... 

Darm-bein, n. ilium, -driiae, /. intestinal gland, -entziindung, /. enteritis, -fkule, / dysentery, -fell. n. peritoneum, -gang, m. 

An estrogen dependent disorder characterized by the presence of uterine tissue at sites other than the uterus such as the peritoneum, ovaries and rectovaginal and rarely in the pericardium, pleura and brain. 

Albendazole (Albenza) interferes wiHi Hie synHiesis of the parasite s microtubules, resulting in deatii of susceptible larva This drug is used to treat larval forms of pork tapeworm and to treat liver, lung, and peritoneum disease caused by the dog tapeworm. 

Protein and amino acid losses through the peritoneum and reduced appetite owing to continuous glucose load and sense of abdominal fullness predispose to malnutrition. 

The transcellular fluid includes the viscous components of the peritoneum, pleural space, and pericardium, as well as the cerebrospinal fluid, joint space fluid, and the gastrointestinal (GI) digestive juices. Although the transcellular fluid normally accounts for about 1% of TBW, this amount can increase significantly during various illnesses favoring fluid collection in one of these spaces (e.g., pleural effusions or ascites in the peritoneum). The accumulation of fluid in the transcellular space is often referred to as third spacing. To review the calculations of the body fluid compartments in a representative patient, see Patient Encounter 1. 

O Primary peritonitis develops in up to 25% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.3 Patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) average one episode of peritonitis every 2 years.4 Secondary peritonitis may be caused by perforation of a peptic ulcer traumatic perforation of the stomach, small or large bowel, uterus, or urinary bladder appendicitis pancreatitis diverticulitis bowel infarction inflammatory bowel disease cholecystitis operative contamination of the peritoneum or diseases of the female genital tract such as septic abortion, postoperative uterine infection, endometritis, or salpingitis. Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of intraabdominal infection. In 1998, 278,000 appendectomies were performed in the United States for suspected appendicitis.5... 

The fluid and protein shift into the abdomen (called third-spacing) may be so dramatic that circulating blood volume is decreased, which causes decreased cardiac output and hypovolemic shock. Accompanying fever, vomiting, or diarrhea may worsen the fluid imbalance. A reflex sympathetic response, manifested by sweating, tachycardia, and vasoconstriction, may be evident. With an inflamed peritoneum, bacteria and endotoxins are absorbed easily into the bloodstream (translocation), and this may result in septic shock. Other foreign substances present in the peritoneal cavity potentiate peritonitis, notably feces, dead tissues, barium, mucus, bile, and blood. 

After acute bacterial contamination, such as with abdominal trauma where GI contents spill into the peritoneum, combination antimicrobial regimens are not required. If the patient is seen soon after injury (within 2 hours) and surgical measures are instituted promptly, antianaerobic cephalosporins... 

T4 Tumor perforates the visceral peritoneum, and/or directly invades other... 

Omentumectomy Excision of the double fold of peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with abdominal viscera (omentum). 

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Inflammation of the endometrium, uterine tubes, and pelvic peritoneum. PID is often due to a sexually transmitted infection. 

Retroperitoneal fibrosis An accumulation of fibrotic tissues in the retroperitoneum (the anatomic space behind the abdominal cavity). Structures that lie behind the peritoneum are thus termed retroperitoneal. These structures include kidneys, the bladder, portions of the duodenum, portions of the colon, and the inferior vena cava. 

The sterile peritoneal dialysis solutions are infused continuously into the abdominal cavity, bathing the peritoneum, and are then continuously withdrawn. The purpose of peritoneal dialysis is to remove toxic substances from the body or to aid and accelerate the excretion function normal to the kidneys. The process is employed to counteract some forms of drug or chemical toxicity as well as to treat acute renal insufficiency. Peritoneal dialysis solutions contain glucose and have an ionic content similar to normal extracellular fluid. Toxins and metabolites diffuse into the circulating dialysis... 

Bahrenburg L. On the diagnostic results of the microscopical examination of the ascitic fluid in two cases of carcinoma involving the peritoneum. Cleve. Med. Gaz. 1896 11 274-278. 

Postmortem findings include inflammation of the lungs, airsacs, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, and peritoneum. 

Intraabdominal infections are those contained within the peritoneum or retroperitoneal space. Two general types of intraabdominal infections are discussed throughout this chapter peritonitis and abscess. 

In secondary peritonitis, bacteria most often enter the peritoneum or retroperitoneum as a result of disruption of the integrity of the GI tract caused by diseases or traumatic injuries. 

When bacteria become dispersed throughout the peritoneum, the inflammatory process involves the majority of the peritoneal lining. Fluid and protein shift into the abdomen (called third spacing ) may decrease circulating blood volume and cause shock. 

If peritonitis continues untreated, the patient may experience hypovolemic shock from fluid loss into the peritoneum, bowel wall, and lumen. This may be accompanied by generalized sepsis. Intraabdominal abscess may pose a diagnostic challenge as the symptoms are neither specific nor dramatic. 

Stage II disease involves tumor invasion through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into the nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues (T3) or directly invading other organs or structures and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum (T4) and negative lymph nodes. 

One definition of post-operative paralytic ileus is the failure of the patient to pass faeces or flatus within 60 hr. of the termination of a surgical abdominal operation . A somewhat similar condition may arise in cases of gross mechanical obstruction of the gut. It is well known also that operations involving handling of the gut or the peritoneum are especially liable to cause paralytic ileus. Peritonitis and post-operative pain, inadequately treated with morphia, also precipitate paralytic ileus. Pneumonia, meningitis and typhoid predispose to paralytic ileus, whilst severe hypothyroidism can also be complicated by a paralytic ileus. 

Endometriosis refers to the abnormal presence of endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus in places such as the abdomen, the peritoneum, ovary and... 

Scabies is a skin infection caused by mites. Septicaemia occurs when bacterial microorganisms or their toxins enter the bloodstream. Endocarditis refers to bacterial infections of the endocardium. Peritonitis occurs when bacterial microorganisms infect the peritoneum. Shighellosis refers to infections caused by the Shighella bacteria. 

Malignant mesothelioma, described more than 100 years ago, is a comparatively rare tumor that occurs in the pleura and peritoneum, membranes that surround the lungs, line the thoracic cavity, surround the gut, and line the abdominal cavity. The survival time of mesothelioma patients is often less than a year, in spite of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Combined therapy and surgical resection in cases of early diagnosis, a treatment currently being tested, has produced a few long-term (more than five years) survivors (Ant-man, et ah, 1980 Antman et ah, 1983), usually in cases with peritoneal rather than pleural involvement. 

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