General Type

This is when two or more elements or compoimds unite to form a single compound. For example  

This is when a compound breaks up into two or more elements or simpler compounds. For example  

This is when one element replaces another in a compoimd, or one compound replaces another in a larger compound. For example  

Fc203 + 2A1 — 2Fe + AI2O3 Zn + CUSO4 —Cu + ZnS04 4FINO3 + P40,o 4HPOj + 2N2O5 

This is when two compounds interact by exchange of parts to produce two new compounds. The parts may be atoms or radicals. Examples  

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The general type of approach, that is, the comparison of an experimental heat of immersion with the expected value per square centimeter, has been discussed and implemented by numerous authors [21,22]. It is possible, for example, to estimate sv - sl from adsorption data or from the so-called isosteric heat of adsorption (see Section XVII-12B). In many cases where approximate relative areas only are desired, as with coals or other natural products, the heat of immersion method has much to recommend it. In the case of microporous adsorbents surface areas from heats of immersion can be larger than those from adsorption studies [23], but the former are the more correct [24]. 

A second general type of procedure, due to McBain [29], is to determine n by a direct weighing of the amount of adsorption. McBain used a delicte quartz spiral spring, but modem equipment generally makes use of a microbalance or a transducer. An illustrative schematic is shown in Fig. XVII-6. 

Figure A3.4.5. Simple models for effeetive eollision eross seetions a hard sphere without tlireshold (dotted line) hard sphere with tlireshold (dashed line) and hyperbolie threshold (full eiirve). is the (translational) eollision energy and is the threshold energy. Oq is the hard sphere eollision eross seetion. The dashed-dotted eurve is of the generalized type E > q) Oq (1 - q/ j) exp[(l - j/ q)/(<3 q)] with the parameter...

A number of compounds of the general type H2NZ react with aldehydes and ketones m a manner analogous to that of primary amines The carbonyl group (C=0) IS converted to C=NZ and a molecule of water is formed Table 17 4 presents exam pies of some of these reactions The mechanism by which each proceeds is similar to the nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism described for the reaction of primary amines with aldehydes and ketones... 

Polyatomic molecules cover such a wide range of different types that it is not possible here to discuss the MOs and electron configurations of more than a very few. The molecules that we shall discuss are those of the general type AFI2, where A is a first-row element, formaldehyde (FI2CO), benzene and some regular octahedral transition metal complexes. 

The Hiickel MO method is based on the LCAO method for diatomic molecules discussed in Section 7.2.1. Extension of the LCAO method to polyatomic molecules gives a secular determinant of the general type... 

Flavor Intensity. In most sensory tests, a person is asked to associate a name or a number with his perceptions of a substance he sniffed or tasted. The set from which these names or numbers are chosen is called a scale. The four general types of scales are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio (17). Each has different properties and allowable statistics (4,14). The measurement of flavor intensity, unlike the evaluation of quaUty, requires an ordered scale, the simplest of which is an ordinal scale. 

There are four principal classes of printing ink, which vary considerably in physical appearance, composition, method of appHcation, and drying mechanism. These also fall into two general types of consistency or viscosity, paste and Hquid. The classes are letter press and Hthographic (Utho) inks, which are called paste inks, and flexographic (flexo) and rotogravure (gravure) inks, which are called Hquid inks (1). 

There are a number of complex chlorides of three general types M(MnCl2), M2(MnCl, and M4(MnClg). M is monovalent in each case. Fluorine forms only 9M(MnF.) and the only complex bromine compound reported is Ca(MnBt 4H2O. There are no iodide complexes. The anhydrous salt, MnCl2, forms cubic pink crystals, and three well-defined hydrates exist. Aqueous solubiUties of the tetrahydrate and dihydrate ate given in Table 7. 

Detectors. Two general types of detectors are used in x-ray medical imaging scintillation and gas ionisation. Scintillation detectors are used for both conventional projection and computerized tomographic imaging. Ionization detectors have been used only in CT appHcations. All detectors used in detection of x-ray radiation must be linear and have a maximum efficiency at the wavelength of the x-ray photon to be detected. 

Modem practice is to maintain the white water system as closed as possible, ie, as much water as is compatible with efficient machine operation is recycled. The loss of fibers and inert furnish components, particularly clay, has been gready reduced. Eiber losses, however, stiU occur into the white water, and greater economy of operation may be achieved if these fibers could be recovered. Thus, it is common to design a fiber-recovery system into the white water cycle. The three general types of save-all fiber recovery are based on filtration (qv), dotation (qv), and sedimentation (qv). If these are operated efficiendy, the net fiber loss can be less than 1%. 

Fiber Cans and Tubes. The basic material used for fiber tubes and cans is a bending board. The body of a fiber can usually is of paperboard and the ends usually are of metal, paperboard, or plastic. The constmction of the body may be one of three general types sprial-wound tubes and cans, convolutely wound tubes and cans, or laminated or lap-seam cans. 

Use of a shoe poHsh imparts high gloss, maintains the supple hand of the leather (qv), and increases the weather resistance of the leather (3,57—59). Three general types of poHshes are produced solvent pastes, self-polishing Hquids, and emulsion creams. Solvent pastes represent ca 60% of the market (58). 

If the total alkyds consumed in recent years is classified by their dibasic acid component, about 50% belongs to the unmodified phthaHc type, about 28% modified phthaHc type, about 13% based on isophthaHc, and the balance based on polybasic acids other than phthaHc or isophthaHc. The top alkyd resin manufacturers in the U.S. are Cargill, Reichhold, a subsidiary of Dainippon Ink Chemicals, Inc., and Spencer KeUog, now a part of NL Industries, Inc. The median price (52,53), of general types of alkyd resin, soHds base, was 1.98/kg in Nov. 1990 compared to about 440 in 1955, about 660 in 1975, and about 1.54 in 1983, reflecting the increases in raw material cost. 

Alcohol amination reactions are described by a network of two general types of reaction. 

General types of physiological functions attributed to quaternary ammonium compounds are curare action, muscarinic—nicotinic action, and ganglia blocking action. The active substance of curare is a quaternary that can produce muscular paralysis without affecting the central nervous system or the heart. Muscarinic action is the stimulation of smooth-muscle tissue. Nicotinic action is primary transient stimulation and secondary persistent depression of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia. 

There are three general types of radiopharmaceuticals elemental radionucHdes or simple compounds, radionucHde complexes, and radiolabeled biologically active molecules. Among the first type are radionucHdes in their elemental form such as Kr and Xe or Xe, and simple aqueous radionucHde solutions such as or I-iodide, Tl-thaUous chloride, Rb-mbidium(I) chloride [14391-63-0] Sr-strontium(II) chloride, and Tc-pertechnetate. These radiopharmaceuticals are either used as obtained from the manufacturer in a unit dose, ie, one dose for one patient, or dispensed at the hospital from a stock solution that is obtained as needed from a chromatographic generator provided by the manufacturer. 

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