Peritoneal dialysis solutions

The sterile peritoneal dialysis solutions are infused continuously into the abdominal cavity, bathing the peritoneum, and are then continuously withdrawn. The purpose of peritoneal dialysis is to remove toxic substances from the body or to aid and accelerate the excretion function normal to the kidneys. The process is employed to counteract some forms of drug or chemical toxicity as well as to treat acute renal insufficiency. Peritoneal dialysis solutions contain glucose and have an ionic content similar to normal extracellular fluid. Toxins and metabolites diffuse into the circulating dialysis... 

Icodextrin peritoneal dialysis solution For peritoneal dialysis... 

Giant and atypical mesothelial cells can develop in the peritoneum in response to irritation caused by peritoneal dialysis solutions. Mesothelial hyperplasia without an increase in mesothelial cell size, cytological atypia in mesothelial cells, polynucleate cells with nucleoles, and enlarged mesothelial cells with a flat small nucleus and without evident nucleoles have all been described (5). These giant cells are not found unless there is peritonitis. During peritonitis mesothelial cells detach en masse from the basal lamina. 

Jorres A, Williams JD, Topley N. Peritoneal dialysis solution biocompatibility inhibitory mechanisms and recent studies with bicarbonate-buffered solutions. Perit Dial Int 1997 I7(Suppl 2) S42-6. 

Halsby SF, Mattocks AM. Absorption of sodium bisulfite from peritoneal dialysis solutions. J Pharm Sci 1965 54 52-55. 

EN98 Gomez, F., Karcher, R. and Sykes, E. (1992). Dextrose interference in protein determination of peritoneal dialysis solutions. Clin. Chem. 39, 1025, Abstr. 388. 

Krediet RT, van Westrhenen R, Zweers MM, Struijk DG. Clinical advantages of new peritoneal dialysis solutions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002 17(Suppl3) 16-18. 

Jones M, et al. Treatment of malnutrition with 1.1 % amino acid peritoneal dialysis solution Results of a multicenter outpatient study. Am J Kidney Dis 1998 32 761-769. 

Kane, M.P. Bailie, G.R. Moon, D.G. Siu, I. Stability of ciprofloxacin injection in peritoneal dialysis solutions. Am.J.Hosp.Pharm., 1994, 51, 373-377 [stability-indicating]... 

Patterson, S.E. Rapid and sensitive analysis of terazosin in plasma, peritoneal dialysis solution, and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J.Chromatogr, 1984, 311, 206-212... 

Solutions intended for use as large or small volume parenterals, eye-drops, contact lens solutions, peritoneal dialysis solutions, and for irrigation (including non-intravenous water for irrigation use) should be prepared in a room complying with the conditions specified for Grade 2 in Appendix 1. The object should be to prepare a pyrogen-free solution with low microbial and particulate counts, suitable for later sterilization. 

Ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline antioxidant, perfumes 2-t-Butyl-p-cresol Pyrocatechol antioxidant, peritoneal dialysis solutions Potassium bisulfite antioxidant, petroleum BHT Hexamethylenebis (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hyd roxyci n n am ate) antioxidant, petroleum lubricants Ditridecyl thiodipropionate 4,4 -Methylene bis (dibutyidithiocarbamate) antioxidant, petroleum oils Benzyl disulfide 4,4 -Methylenebis (2,6-di-t-butylphenol)... 

With peritoneal dialysis the peritoneum, which is well supplied with blood vessels, functions as a semipermeable membrane. Peritoneal dialysis solutions are sterile hyperosmotic solutions. These solutions withdraw water from the blood through the peritoneum. The transport of small ions takes place at the same time. 

Peritoneal dialysis solutions (Solutions for peritoneal dialysis) according to the Ph. Eur. are Preparations for intraperitoneal use containing electrolytes with a concentration close to the electrolytic composition of plasma. Although it is not mentioned in the description that they have to be sterile, they must comply with the test for sterility. 

NIR has been applied to prediction of the concentrations of glucose and lactic acid in peritoneal dialysis solution, which is a medical product and not a fermentation broth (22). The peritoneal dialysis solution is introduced into the peritoneal cavity of renal failure patients, and waste materials in the blood are dialyzed into the solution through the peritoneum. MLR was used to obtain calibration equations relating the NIR spectral data and the glucose and lactic acid concentrations of a calibration sample set obtained by enzymatic methods. A calibration equation for glucose in peritoneal dialysis solution was formulated with second-derivative NIR spectral data at 2270 nm, and the values of r and SEC were 0.996 and 2.03 g-l respectively. A calibration equation for lactic acid in peritoneal dialysis solution was formulated with the second-derivative NIR spectral data at 1688 and 1268 nm, and the values of R and SEC were 0.997 and 0.178 g-C respectively. In the validation results of the calibration equations, excellent agreement between the results of the enzymatic method and the NIR method was also observed for these constituents. The values of r for glucose and lactic acid in the peritoneal dialysis solution were 0.996 and 0.996, respectively. 

T. Yano, H. Matsushige, K. Suehara, Y. Nakano. Measurement of the concentrations of glucose and lactic acid in the peritoneal dialysis solutions using near-infrared spectroscopy. J Biosci Bioeng 90(5) 540-544, 2000. 

Mortier S, Faict D, Gericke M, Lameire N, De Vriese A. 2005. Effects of new peritoneal dialysis solutions on leukocyte recruitment in the rat peritoneal membrane. Nephron Exp Nephrol, 101(4) 139-145. 

Van Biesen W, Boer W, De Greve B, Dequidt C, Vijt D, Faict D, Lameire N. 2004. A randomized clinical trial with a 0.6% amino acid/1.4% glycerol peritoneal dialysis solution. Perit Dial Int, 24(3) 222-230. 

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