Tumors, invasion

Van Roy, F., Mareel, M. (1992). Tumor invasion effects of cell adhesion and motility. Trends Cell Biol. 2, 163-169. 

The superior vena cava (SVC) is the primary drainage vein for blood return from the head, neck, and upper extremities. It is a relatively thin-walled vein that is particularly vulnerable to obstruction from adjacent tumor invasion or thrombosis. The obstruction leads to elevated venous pressure, although collateral veins partially compensate. This is one reason for the relatively slow onset of the classic symptoms of SVCS. In fact, 75% of patients have signs and symptoms for more than 1 week before seeking medical attention.15... 

Bikfalvi A, Gimenez-Gallego G. The control of angiogenesis and tumor invasion by platelet factor-4 and platelet factor-4-derived molecules. Semin Thromb Hemost 2004 30(1) 137-144. 

Stage I disease involves tumor invasion of the submucosa (Tj) or muscularis propria (T2) and negative lymph nodes. 

Stage II disease involves tumor invasion through the muscularis propria into the subserosa, or into the nonperitonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues (T3) or directly invading other organs or structures and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum (T4) and negative lymph nodes. 

Dl. DeClerck, Y. A., Yean, T. D., Chan, D., Shimada, H., and Lansley, K. E., Inhibition of tumor invasion of smooth muscle cell layers by recombinant human metalloproteinase inhibitor. Cancer Res. 51, 2151-2157 (1991). 

T4. Tryggvason, K., Hoyhtya, M., and Salo, T., Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix in tumor invasion. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 907, 191-207 (1987). 

Michl P, Downward J (2006) CUTLl a key mediator of TGF beta-induced tumor invasion. Cell Cycle 5(2) 132-134... 

Strauli, P., Barrett, A.J. and Baici, A. (1980) Proteinases and Tumor Invasion, Raven Press, New York. 

For non-suspension cultures, suitable matrices include liquid overlay on agarose (59), Matrigel , or Cultrex (48, 92). More recently, micropatterned arrays have been developed for adherent 3-D spheroid cultures (56) and have been used to show reduced chemosensitivity of colorectal carcinoma cells to irinotecan (58). In some cases, 3-D cultures can be enhanced by the addition of host cells. This increases complexity, but inevitably decreases flexibility and speed of analysis. However, important insights into the role of host cells have emerged stromal cells modify the gene expression and response of many tumor cell types to chemotherapeutic agents (93) and tumor-associated myofibroblasts can enhance tumor invasiveness (94). 

Jung S, Kim HW, Lee JH et al (2002) Brain tumor invasion model system using organotypic brain-sKce culture as an alternative to in vivo model. J Cancer Res CUn Oncol 128 469 76... 

Del Duca D, Werbowetski T, Del Maestro RF (2004) Spheroid preparation from hanging drops characterization of a model of brain tumor invasion. J Neurooncol 67 295-303... 

Miles WO, Dyson NJ, Walker JA (2011) Modeling tumor invasion and metastasis in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 4 753-761... 

Tumor invasion of nerve Cancer pain Cancer pain... 

Tumor invasion of nerve doxepin and nortriptyline may also be considered... 

Amitriptyline Gabapentin 0.5-1.5 mg/kg hs 300-1200 mg tid Vincristine induced, radiation plex-opathy and tumor invasion of nerve or plexus Works in 3-5 days Neuropathy secondary to chemoth-erpeutic agents Miser and Miser, 1989... 

Toxicities are numerous and include nephrotoxicity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, liver dysfunction, hyperkalemia, altered mental status, seizures, and hirsutism. Cyclosporine causes very little bone marrow toxicity. While an increased incidence of lymphoma and other cancers (Kaposi s sarcoma, skin cancer) have been observed in transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine, other immunosuppressive agents may also predispose recipients to cancer. Some evidence suggests that tumors may arise after cyclosporine treatment because the drug induces TGF-B, which promotes tumor invasion and metastasis. 

The possible involvement of kallikreins in brain tumors has been examined recently. A recent report showed expression of the hK6 protein by glioblastoma cells implanted intracranially in nude mice. Moreover, hK6 expression was shown to colocalize with the expression of an invasion-associated matri-cellular protein called SPARC [248]. Given the high level of expression of some kallikreins in the brain, it is logical to speculate a possible involvement of kallikrein in brain tumors. Ongoing studies are now being conducted to evaluate the possible functional importance of kallikreins in brain tumor invasiveness [248]. 

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