Periodic technical inspection

Emissions from in-use vehicles are controlled by legislation relating to periodic technical inspection (PTI) (Directives 2009/40/EC and 2010/48/EC). Here, compliance is the responsibility of the vehicle owner and, given the number of vehicles on the road, PTI tests are by necessity much simpler, shorter and cheaper than type approval tests. However, at present the PTI legislation does not cover NOx or PM... 

Furthermore, there are other cylinders which are unique due to their service or construction, such as acetylene cylinders. These kinds of cylinders require special inspection procedures. See for example, CGA C-13, Guidelines for Periodic Visual Inspection and Requalification of Acetylene Cylinders, or CGA C-8, Standard for Requalification of DOT-3HT Seamless Steel Cylinders. [19] and [20] A complete listing of the technical standards published by the Compressed Gas Association pertaining to cylinders appears in Part IV of this Handbook. 

All the presented works give the model of optimal period between inspections estimation. However, they do not address the issues of selection of the type of maintenance strategy which should be use depending on the analysed technical system and its operational process. These issues are one of the scope of maintenance management systems or decision support systems developed in the analysed research area. For more information we recommend reading e.g. (Bojda et al. 2014, Laskowski and Bylak 2013, Vintr and Valis 2012). 

With the use of equipment to self-unloading as lifting equipment is mandatory periodic inspection of the Office of Technical Inspection. Operation of this equipment without a valid certificate of technical test is punishable by a fine, an administrative and stopping the vehicle registration document. The vehicle is permanently associated with the device. Thus, if it is a taillift, it blocks the possibility of using a load box vehicle. 

K. C. Hickman, S. M. Caspar, S. S. H. Naqvi, K. P. Bishop, J. R, McNeil, G. D. Tipton, B. R, Stallard, and B. L. Draper. Use of Diffraction From Latent Images to Improve Lithogrophy Control. Presented at the SPIE Technical Conference 1464 Symposium on I.C. Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control, San Jose, CA, 1991, Proc. SPIE. 1464, pp. 245-257, 1991. Another application is presented of scattering characterization and modeling from periodic structures for process control. 

It can be seen in this example, that not all of the different tests are inspected with equal frequency, and that for some single tests only one or two inspections have been performed within the relevant two years period. It can also be seen, however, that studies of higher complexity or of higher criticality have been inspected more frequently. In the area of acute toxicity studies, ocular toxicity studies have been twice as frequently inspected than studies with either oral or dermal application, which may reflect the greater difficulty and higher demand on technical skills of the application mode in ocular toxicity studies. 

The second process, the Unrestricted Operations Maintenance Requirements Card (URO MRC) program, involves periodic inspections and tests of critical items to ensure they have not degraded to an unacceptable level due to use, age, or environment. In fact, URO MRC did not originate with SUBSAFE, but was developed to extend the operating cycle of USS Queenflsh by one year in 1969. It now provides the technical basis for continued unrestricted operation of submarines to test depth. 

Safety is a line responsibility that is shared by the operators, facility supervisor, facility manager. Director, and Vice President. The staff is procedurally trained to understand and obey the Technical Safety Requirements (TSRs) of the facility. If plant conditions change such that TSRs are threatened by operations, experiments, equipment failures or external forces, then operations are immediately terminated to minimize the possibilify of a TSR violation and a potential unanalyzed or unsafe condition. The Hot Cell Facility Periodic Maintenance/ Surveillance Operating Procedure (SNL 1997c) requires periodic inspection and checkout of important safety equipment and safety system settings to minimize the chance of "undetected" degradation of safety equipment that could lead to a safety function failure. 

Beside technical aspects mentioned above, there are additional considerations for selecting NDT methods for a specific purpose. Cost, frequently, is decisive and major cost factors are (1) test duration, including time used for setup and post-test analysis and assessment (2) type of equipment, its sophistication, calibration, and maintenance (compatibility with previous records from periodic inspection may require costly maintenance of aging equipment) (3) equipment operator, specifically operator training and certification (191) (4) accreditation of test agency (5) qualification or validation of the NDT method (192) and (6) accuracy and precision estimates required by test standards or quahty management systems. 

Inspectors shall have the right throughout the in-country period to communicate with the Headquarters of the Technical Secretariat. For this purpose they may use their own, duly certified, approved equipment and may request that the inspected State Party or Host State Party provide them with access to other telecommunications. The inspection team shall have the right to use its own two-way system of radio communications between personnel patrolling the perimeter and other members of the inspection team. 

The Technical Secretariat shall notify the inspected State Party of its decision to inspect or visit the storage facility 48 hours before the planned arrival of the inspection team at the facility for systematic inspections or visits. In oases of inspections or visits to resolve urgent problems, this period may be shortened. The Technical Secretariat shall specify the purpose of the inspection or visit. 

The Technical Secretariat shall conduct an initial inspection of each chemical weapons production facility in the period between 90 and 120 days after this Convention enters into force for the State Party. 

Each plant site to be inspected pursuant to paragraph 12 shall receive an initial inspection as soon as possible but preferably not later than three years after entry into force of this Convention. Plant sites declared after this period shall receive an initial inspection not later than one year after production, processing or consumption is first declared. Selection of plant sites for initial inspections shall be made by the Technical Secretariat in such a way as to preclude the prediction of precisely when the plant site is to be inspected. 

Recalling that, at its Sixteenth Session, the Executive Council took note of the Note by the Technical Secretariat on the comparison of methodologies for selecting Schedule 3 plant sites for inspection (EC-XVIArS.4, dated 6 September 1999, and Corr.l, dated 21 September 1999), and decided to continue to deliberate this issue during the intersessional period, requesting the Technical Secretariat to develop further its analysis in this area ... 

This Agreement shall cease to be in force no later than 30 days after the inspected State Party has submitted to the OPCW notification of the completion of chemical weapons destruction at the facility and when this has been confirmed by the Technical Secretariat within that 30 day period. 

The TRG (Technical Rules for Compressed Gases) subdivide gases and gas mixtures according to their chemical and physical behaviour and determine the compressed gas cylinders to be used, including their equipment, inspection periods, filling factors and filling pressures. Cylinders with inflammable content are generally equipped with a left-hand thread at the outlet valve. 

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