Reading recommendations

Condition Current labeling of control devices and indicators is difficult to read. Recommendation Use larger, more legible labels for control panel devices. 

THF into the sep funnel. It is recommended that an iodine crystal is placed in the reaction flask and before the condenser is attached, nitrogen should be blown Into the receiving flask to remove any air. As / didn t have any nitrogen available I skipped this step but I did place one small crystal of iodine into the reaction flask. When the iodine is added the solvent will begin to turn brown. Although this looks like the iodine is just dissolving it would appear from what I have read that this is also caused by the reaction. 

Alfhough 1 have nof included High Resolution Spectroscopy in fhe bibliography of any of fhe chapfers if is recommended as further reading on all topics. 

Spectroscopy (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002) approaches the subject at a simpler level than Modern Spectroscopy, being fairly non-mathematical and including many worked problems. Neither book is included in the bibliography but each is recommended as additional reading, depending on the level required. 

Sodium bicarbonate is generally added to increase alkalinity and muriatic acid (HCl) or sodium bisulfate (NaHSO ) to reduce it. In general, with acidic sanitizers such as chlorine gas or trichloroisocyanuric acid, ideal total alkalinity should be in the 100—120 ppm range, whereas, with alkaline products such as calcium, lithium, or sodium hypochlorite, a lower ideal total alkalinity of 80—100 ppm is recommended (14). Alkalinity is deterrnined by titration with standard sulfuric acid using a mixed bromcresol green—methyl red indicator after dechlorination of the sample with thiosulfate. Dechlorination with thiosulfate causes higher readings due to formation of hydroxyl ion (32) ... 

Dynamic pressure may be measured by use of a pitot tube that is a simple impact tube. These tubes measure the pressure at a point where the velocity of the fluid is brought to zero. Pitot tubes must be parallel to the flow. The pitot tube is sensitive to yaw or angle attack. In general angles of attack over 10° should be avoided. In cases where the flow direction is unknown, it is recommended to use a Kiel probe. Figure 10-3 shows a Kiel probe. This probe will read accurately to an angle of about 22° with the flow. 

The winding insulation resistance to be used for comparison with the recommended minimum value (/, ) is the observed insulation resistance obtained by applying a d.c. voltage to the entire windings for one minute, corrected to 40°C. In practice, motors having insulation resistance readings as high as ten to a hundred times the minimum recommended value R , are not uncommon. 

The height (we may consider it from the bottom line) of the indicating instruments such as a voltmeter and an ammeter, which the operator may have to read often, is also recommended to be no higher than 2000 mm or less than 300 mm from ground level. 

Since it is impossible to read that part of the thermometer scale which extends into the reaction flask, a thennometer should be used which when in position has the zero point above the stopper of the flask. A thermometer reading from —50° to +50° is recommended. 

It is recommended that further evaluation be carried out by direct measurement according to the data in Section 3.7.1 because of possible errors caused by foreign sources in the case of large readings. 

Combining the practice of preventive maintenance and total quality control and total employee involvement results in an innovative system for equipment maintenance that optimizes effectiveness, eliminates breakdowns, and promotes autonomous operator maintenance through day-to-day activities. This concept known as Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) was conceived by Seiichi Nakajima and is well-documented in his book Introduction of TPM and is highly recommended reading for all involved in the maintenance area. 

For the tandem arrangement gas seal, a primary seal vent must be pro vided to vent the leakage across the process side seal. This vent ma> lie to flare or other suitable gas disposal point. The back pressure under nor mal conditions should be kept to a low value. A small amount of back pressure is recommended to keep a positive differential across the see ondaiy seal. Leakage measurement may be provided in the vent line to provide health monitoring of the primary seal. Unfortunately, the rotameter, which would be the obvious choice, should not be used because of its lack o reliability. If an orifice or needle valve is used to set the back pressure to the seal vent, pressure upstream of the restriction can be measured for a relative flow measurement. This type of reading does provide trend data that may be used to judge the seal s performance. 

At the end of this chapter you will find a summary of the topics discussed in this volume. This will help you to focus on specific areas of reading that are most useful to you. There is also a list of recommended resources, including Web sites. 

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