Performance tests, practical

Spare rotors are frequently part of a new compressor contract. A deci sion must be made regarding the testing of the spare rotor. The recommended practice is to mechanically run spare rotors, using the same procedures used for the main. As a matter of logistics, the compressor is usually shipped with the last run rotor. If a performance test has been specified, it can be run before the rotors are changed and both rotors performance tested. This would not be economical, however. 

Performance testing is long term (months to years). Once a potentially attractive formulation has been determined it is used to produce detailed data on its performance and behaviour as an anode material under the anticipated exposure conditions. For this reason the test should mirror as closely as possible the expected operating conditions, or where practicable be conducted in the field. Large specimens (tens or hundreds of kilograms) may be used for these tests. 

The problems that have been experienced in the recirculating rig test are indicative of those often met in performance testing. Attempts to reproduce the service conditions in a laboratory test inevitably involve attempting to reproduce each of the controlling conditions that exist in the real situation. Variations, which may be relatively small, in these simulations can lead to significant differences in test results. There is therefore much to be said for keeping test conditions as simple as possible rather than attempting to reproduce accurately the conditions in practice. A balance between reproducibility and realism has to be struck. 

Eq. 16 is an extremely useful criterion for examining the extent of dipolar interaction in a multispin system, and gives the relaxation method a major advantage over the n.O.e. method. The equivalent quantitative test for the n.O.e. experiment requires all but the receptor nucleus to be saturated and this is not readily performed in practice. 

Sample-to-Detector Distance Perform test exposures and check that no relevant peak is cut on the detector image - outside the peaks there should be a considerable amount of the diffuse tail of the scattering recorded. If the distance is too short only for some of the samples one may consider to first study other samples and then to re-adjust the beamline. Assess the extra effort and anticipate that the beamline scientist might not be pleased. It is better practice to plan ahead and to test some materials for future beamtimes. Estimate now the distance needed next time. 

The performance of the BioCD under assay conditions has been tested using several gold standard systems. These are assays of anti-rabbit and anti-mouse IgG systems, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and haptoglobin. Incubations have been performed under equilibrium conditions without transport limitation, and also under transient conditions as ambient assays that are diffusion limited. Ambient assays are performed in practice, while equilibrium assays provide more information about the performance of the antibodies and provides a quantitative estimate for equilibrium dissociation constants. 

There seems to be a noticeable difference in the Ball Drop Impact results and this could be attributed to the inherent error associated with this relatively crude test for instance, the manner and precise location, at which the steel ball impacts the explosive particles can vary and lead to inconsistent results. Friction and electrostatic sensitivity was consistent across all of our batches of DBX-1 as well as PSEMC DBX-1 (Table 3) In terms of determining the effectiveness of a primary explosive, sensitivity tests results are generally only predictive in how to safely handle the material in order to determine if the explosive is practical or not, performance tests need to be done to see how well the material behaves in actual items, such as detonators. 

Perform testing and maintenance in accordance with recommended and generally accepted good engineering practices. 

Unless otherwise specified, pumps shall not be disassembled after final performance testing. The pump, including the seal chamber, shall be drained to the extent practical, filled with a water-displacing inhibitor within 4 h of testing and redrained. 

In the engineering development stage, a practical and workable design is developed. Prototype samples are produced on equipment located at the Technical Center that duplicates the production process to be used. A portion of the materials evaluation work is also performed at this time. Candidate materials are given performance tests and moldability is analyzed in detail. Cost and reliability factors are also considered at this time. 

When selecting a performance testing system, issues that could affect the practicality, accuracy, and general utility of the system include the specific performance tests that are included in the system, the availability of norms upon which performance can be evaluated (and upon which decisions regarding readiness to perform are based), the reliability and validity of the measures, the accuracy of the measurement, the user interface, and the administrative interface. The relevance of each of these issues is discussed, as are some of the specific questions that merit some consideration when evaluating performance testing systems. 

Gilliland, K. and Schlegel, R.E., Readiness to Perform Testing A Critical Analysis of the Concept and Current Practices, U.S. Department of Transportation, National Technical Information Sendee, Springfield, VA, 1993. 

I was fortunate as an industrial scientist for Plaskon and Dow Corning to be allowed to concentrate for over 40 years on organofunctional silanes and their applications in surface modification of minerals. I chose a scientific ladder rather than an administrative ladder, so I could stay in the laboratory with one or two assistants and develop a practical feel for polymer composites. Understanding of interfacial phenomena was helped immensely by academic workers such as Professors Koenig and Ishida at Case Western Reserve University and Professor Boerio at the University of Cincinnati. They and their students conducted extensive analytical studies of the interface to demonstrate the reality of some of the concepts I had proposed from indirect evidence of performance tests. 

Atmospheric effects of large-scale TNT expins have also been studied in depth both practically and theoretically. Factors considered include pressure and impulse effects, decay characteristics and travel and duration times, all as a function of distance, and for both free-field and reflection situations (Refs 3,9,15,16, 17,24,32, 33,34,35,36,44, 53,75,76,115 116). A distinction is made between the blast area dose to the source, comprising air and the products of expln, and that farther away involving air only (Ref 53). Double-burst conditions (fireball and shock wave interaction, and torus formation) have been studied (Ref 149), as have also the dynamics of dust formation and motion (Refs 25,26 117). Performance tests were run on a naval blast valve (Ref 92), and on aircraft wing panels (Ref 4)... 

The PQ is the phase in which either a technical system is tested over a long period of time (e.g., water system), or a complex technical system is tested overall (connected filling line). For many systems OQ is the last phase performed during qualification. If there are only a few performance tests needed, it might be more practical to include them during OQ or process validation. Combining OQ and PQ decreases the number of documents (less documentation work in the future) and cuts approval time and effort. Again, the procedure for PQ is the same as for IQ and OQ ([develop PQ protocols, approve PQ protocols (by the quality assurance, production, and technical departments), perform PQ, work out the PQ report, and approve the PQ report (by the quality assurance, production, and technical departments)]. The documentation and test description are identical to those in the OQ phase. 

Part 1 quality assurance of culture media in the laboratory Part 2 practical implementation of the general guidelines on quality assurance of culture media in the laboratory Part 3 performance testing. 

A wide variety of tests have been used in sleep deprivation experiments ranging from simple tests of reaction time (e.g., Refs. 1,2,13) to complex tasks of higher-order cognitive capacity and PFC function (e.g., Refs. 9,14,15). The diversity of performance tests available for use in performance testing leads to a fundamental question What are the criteria for an effective neurocognitive assay under conditions of sleep deprivation, where effective means theoretically meaningful, empirically sensitive, and practically useful ... 

Assimilating positive and negative the experiences obtained in the past, the author of this book has developed the Circulative Impinging Stream Dryer , an IS device suitable for powdery and/or granular materials [11, 82]. A test with quasi-industrial equipment on a scale of 1000 tones per year has exhibited good performance, and practical application may be expected in the near future. 

To supplement laboratory tests, practical trials of this paint were made at the Navy Fire Fighter Schools at Norfolk, Va., and Boston, Mass. These trials were somewhat crudely conceived, as might be expected from the state of knowledge at that time, but the satisfactory performance demonstrated by the fire-retardant paint was sufficient, under the pressure of circumstances then existing, to warrant its adoption. Actual experience has amply demonstrated that it functions exceptionally well as a fire-retardant coating, but the same experience has equally shown the need for improvement in ease of cleaning. 

In the following years, a variety of ring-slit centrifuges of the conifuge concept as well as the first spiral duct centrifuge were built and tested. A comparison of the performance tests of these devices indicated that from almost all practical viewpoints the concept of the spinning spiral duct was superior to the other designs. 

---