Blast area

Atmospheric effects of large-scale TNT expins have also been studied in depth both practically and theoretically. Factors considered include pressure and impulse effects, decay characteristics and travel and duration times, all as a function of distance, and for both free-field and reflection situations (Refs 3,9,15,16, 17,24,32, 33,34,35,36,44, 53,75,76,115 116). A distinction is made between the blast area dose to the source, comprising air and the products of expln, and that farther away involving air only (Ref 53). Double-burst conditions (fireball and shock wave interaction, and torus formation) have been studied (Ref 149), as have also the dynamics of dust formation and motion (Refs 25,26 117). Performance tests were run on a naval blast valve (Ref 92), and on aircraft wing panels (Ref 4)... 

Absperrzone = blast area 36 Abstand Sicherheitsabstand = safety distance 138... 

Sprengbereich = blast area 36 Sprengels explosives = chlorate explosives mixed on site of use (other name Miedziankif) now obsolete 296... 

Rocks propelled from the blast area by the force of an explosion. 

The shot must not be fired in the presence of a dangerous percentage of firedamp. Examination for firedamp is to be made at the blasting area before shooting in a gassy mine. 

Just a clarification. The blast area of bombs does not increase linearly with the megatonnage of the bomb. It increases with the power of two-thirds if I am correct. In other words, 100 one-megaton bombs do more damage than one bomb of 100 megatons. How does one then scale your result if you want to make it worse in other words you use. 4 megatons — and you want to compare your result with the one of Brian Toon who has not used the same number of megatons. In other words, it is difficult to scale your number. 

No, the blast area I neglected. Everything is determined by the heat radiation, and this is based on experiences from the past. So — I think I have been on the conservative side there. 

A terrorist dirty bomb (dispersion bomb) would likely contain commonly acquired radioactive materials such as cobalt, iridium, and cesium. Psychological effects (ie, panic) would likely overshadow medical concerns, as significant radiation exposure by contamination would be confined to the immediate blast area. 

Proceed cautiously while staying alert for physical hazards such as hilling glass, leaking natural gas or structural collapse. The blast area may contain unconsumed explosives, secondary devices, toxic materials, collapse hazards, and other substantial hazards. 

Enter the blast area only to save Uves. If possible wait until the scene has been cleared by bomb technicians and the HazMat team. Use load and go tactics with expedient spinal precautions. Leave the dead behind. 

Enter the scene from upwind, uphill, and upstream. Continually observe for hazards in the blast zone. Have a planned escape route. Direct the ambulatory injured to the decontamination area outside of the blast zone. Keeping the number of responders to a minimum, enter the blast area to rescue those who are alive but unable to stand or walk. Use load and go principles to remove nonambulatory patients. Perform no treatment until you are in a safe place. Leave the dead in place until law enforcement personnel have investigated the crime scene. 

Instruction about the propose and set up of areas marking the boundaries of blasting areas ... 

The suspension of all blasting operations and removal of persons from the blasting area during the approach and progress of an electric storm ... 

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