Penicillin G, potassium

Pen (Wyeth-Ayerst)-(penicillin V potassium) Pfizerpen G (Pfizer)-(penicillin G potassium) Sugracillin (Upjohn) Wycillin (Wyeth-Ayerst)-(procaine-benzylpenicillin)... 

If the solubility of a drug is to be reduced to enhance stability or to prepare a suspension, the for-mulator may prepare water-insoluble salts. A classic example is procaine penicillin G, the decreased solubility (7 mg/mL) of which, when compared with the very soluble penicillin G potassium, is utilized to prepare stable parenteral suspensions. Another alternative to preparing an insoluble drug is to use the parent acidic or basic drug and to buffer the pH of the suspension in the range of minimum solubility. 

A pharmacist receives a medication order for 300,000 units of penicillin G potassium to be added to 500 mL of D5W. A vial of penicillin G potassium 1,000,000 U is on hand, and the directions on the 1,000,000 unit package state Add diluent 4.6 mL (for a) concentration of solution 200,000 units/ mL. How many milliliters of the reconstituted solution must be withdrawn and added to the D5W ... 

Penicillin G Benzathine 55 Penicillin G Potassium 55 Penicillin G Procaine 55 Penidllin V 55 Pentam 55 Pentamidine 55 Pentasa 47 Pentazodne 82 Pentids 55 Pentosan 55 Pentoxifylline 55 Pepcid... 

Injection, premixed, frozen 1,2, and 3 million Penicillin G Potassium units Rx) (Baxter)... 

Rx amoxicillin, ampicillin, bacampicillin, carbenicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, flucloxacillin, methicillin, mezlocillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, penicillin G benzathine, penicillin G potassium, penicillin Vpotassium, piperacillin, pivampicillin, pivme-cillinam, ticarcillin Penicillin and beta-lactamase inhibitors amoxicillin/ clavulanate potassium, ampicillin/sulbactam sodium, piperacillin sodium/ tazobactam sodium, ticarcillin disodium/clavulanate potassium Chemical Class Penicillin, natural... 

The penicillin-G-potassium salt has been oxidized using supported polyoxo-metallates.62 Specifically, the oxidation of the sulfide group to give the sulfoxide was achieved, the product being an intermediate in the production of Cephalosporin antibiotics.63 The selective oxidation of benzenethiol to benzenesulfonic acid with hydrogen peroxide was effectively catalysed by phosphotungstic acid on y-alumina.62 This was in contrast to the homogeneous oxidation where the disulfide was produced in substantial yields. 

Besides the group of psychotropic compounds, we must quote here the antibiotics as drugs where a rapid recent development of techniques can be observed. D.c. polarographic techniques for the determination of chloramphenicol [242], tetracycline [243] and streptomycin [244] are available. The polarographic determination of penicillin G potassium salt is only indirect and is preceded by the introduction of a nitroso group [245]. The synthesis of chloramphenicol comprises the chemical reduc-... 

With the differential pulse polarography [245], the antibiotics can be determined at low concentration, if necessary, at the ppm or even sub-ppm level. Tetracycline hydrochloride is determined in aqueous acetate buffer pH 4 (detection limit 0.1 ppm), but for the analysis of chlortetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and free tetracycline, a non-aqueous medium must be used. Streptomycin sulphate is analysed in alkaline solution, trace quantities of zinc being masked by Na2EDTA, and the detection limit is 1 ppm. A determination in blood serum or urine is also possible but the peak potentials are shifted here to more negative values. The polarographic determination is preceded by ultrafiltration. Penicillin G potassium and ampicillin must be first functionalised by nitrosation. The authors also recommend an analysis of mixtures which is however demonstrated only with chloramphenicol and tetracycline, at 2.4 and 4.2 ppm, respectively. 

Two other developments have provided additional means for making new penicillins. A group of British scientists, Batchelor et al., reported the isolation of 6-aminopenicil-lanic acid from a culture of P. chrysogenum. This compound can be converted to penicillins by acylation of the 6-amino group. Sheehan and Ferris provided another route to synthetic penicillins by converting a natural penicillin, such as penicillin G potassium, to an intermediate (Fig. 10-1), from which the acyl side chain has been cleaved and which then can be treated to form biologically active penicillins with a variety of new side chains. By these procedures, new penicillins, superior in activity and stability to those formerly in wide use, were found, and no doubt others will be produced. The first commercial products of these research activities were phenoxyethylpenicillin (phenethicillin) (Fig. 10-2) and dimethoxyphenylpenicillin (methicillin). 

The following oxidations will be described the oxidation of penicillin-G potassium salt to the sulphoxide the oxidation of cyclooctene the oxidation of cyclohexanone and the oxidation of styrene. 

Drug stability studies (i) in aged solutions of potassium penicillin G Potassium penicillin G in the presence of five of its degradation products, DL-penicillamine, benzyl penilloic acid (two isomers), benzylpenamaldic acid, benzylpenicilloic acid and benzylpenillic acid Partition Bondapak AX/ Corasil pH 3.8 buffer... 

The international unit (lU) of penicilhn is the specific penicillin activity contained in 0.6 pg of the crystalline sodium salt of penicillin G. One milhgram of pure penicillin G sodium thus equals 1667 units 1.0 mg of pure penicillin G potassium represents 1595 units. The dosage and the antibacterial potency of the synthetic penicillins are expressed in terms of weight. 

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