With Organic Cations

Organic salts (e.g. trimethylammonium benzoate) are usually purified by recrystallisation from polar solvents (e.g. water, ethanol or dimethyl formamide). If the salt is too soluble in a polar solvent, its concentrated solution should be treated dropwise with a miscible nonpolar, or less polar, solvent (see Table 8, Chapter 1) until crystallisation begins. 

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TRISPHAT anion 8 seems to be more particularly efficient with cationic metallo-organic and organometallic substrates. BINPHAT 15 has often-supe-rior chiral shift properties than 8 when associated with organic cations such as ammonium cation 68 (Fig. 24). In all these examples, solvent polarity influences the quality of the separation since ion association is crucial. Solvent or solvent mixtures of low polarity are preferred for these experiments. 

These processes include the thermal decomposition of all polynuclear clusters and also binuclear clusters with organic cations and ligands (Table 3). As a rule,... 

Laird DA, Barriuso E, Dowdy RH, Koskinen WC (1992) Adsorption of atrazine on smectites. Soil Sci Soc Am J 56 62-67 LeBaron PC, Wang Z, Pinnavaia TJ (1999) Polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites an overview. Appl Clay Sci 15 11-29 Lee J-F, Crum JR, Boyd SA (1989) Enhanced retention of organic contaminants by soil exchanged with organic cations. Environ Sci Technol 23 1365-1372 Lee J-F, Mortland MM, Boyd SA, Chiou CT (1989a) Shape-selective adsorption of aromatic molecules from water by tetramethylammonium-smectite. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans I 8 2953-2962... 

Lee, J.E, Crum, J.R., Boyd, S.A. (1989) Enhanced retention of organic contaminants by soils exchanged with organic cations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 23, 1365-1372. 

The rates of absorption, clearance, and elimination of penicillin G are influenced by its formulation. Penicillin G is available in a number of different salts either with inorganic ions including sodium, potassium, or calcium or with organic cations including procaine and benzathine. These salts have differing solubilities and hence differing durations of action. 

Cuprates with organic cations 3 C575-C576... 

Cuprates with Organic Cations. Copper (II) Azide, Cu(N3)2, dissolves more or less easily in many water-sol azides to form normal addn compds, called cuprates. The presence of cuprates can be detected by the blackening produced in water by pptn of Cu(N3)2. The water-sol cuprates are good conductors of electricity. Because of their N content, they are more expl than the corresponding nonelectrolytes. Compds with org amines as cations are described by Cirulis Straumanis (Ref 1). See Ref 2... 

The salts with organic cations are important, since they can be used for the synthesis of heteronu-clear multimetal complexes in organic solvents. Most of them can be obtained simply from aqueous solutions of their alkali metal salts. 

For ion pair transport to take place, organic anions combine with organic cations to form a neutral complex, which is then transported through the membrane by passive diffusion. 

Upon replacing the hydrated metal cation from the interlayers in the pristine layered silicates with organic cations such as an alkylammonium or an alkyl-phosphonium, the layered silicate attains a hydrophobic/organophillic character... 

Bromocomplexes of plutonium are limited in number tri- and tetravalent complexes with organic cations, namely C(C6 5)3P l3 PuBrg(c) (70) and [(C2H5)4N]2 PuBr5(c) (71) have been reported. Also, adducts of the type PuBr. 2L (with L = hexamethylphosphora-mide and tri phenyl phosphine oxide) are known (72.). No thermodynamic information are available on these species. More recently, however, the compound Cs2PuBr5(c) has been prepared (63) and its enthalpy of solution in 1 M HCl was measured as - 75.3 + 0.21 kJ. mol l. This measurement leads to a value of AHS(Cs2PuBr, c) =... 

Reactions of heterocyclic free radicals with organic cations 88UK50. 

A number of compounds of this type were obtained and isolated as complex acids or salts with organic cations when tin(IV) tetrachloride and tetrabromide were used as the capping agents [44, 45]. 

Moreover, the combination of ILs with metallic species (metal-containing ILs) provides access to ILs with interesting magnetic, spectroscopic, or catalytic properties [67-75], As the properties largely depend on the metal ion, the combination of metal ions with organic cations and also the solubility and behavior of many metallic elements has attracted tremendous attention over the last few years. ILs have been studied as hosts for photochemical and spectroscopic studies. In some cases,... 

Mukherjee M, Pritchard DI, Bosquillon C (2012) Evaluation of air-interfaced Calu-3 cell layers for investigation of inhaled drug interactions with organic cation transporters in vitro. Int J Pharm 426(l-2) 7-14... 

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