Peel test for adhesives

D 1781 Method for Climbing Drum Peel Test for Adhesives... 

Table 1. Gage study of peeling test for adhesion strength with injection-molded parts (substrate special PA grade).

ASTM D1781-98 Standard method for climbing drum peel test for adhesives. 

ASTM D 1781-76—Climbing drum peel test for adhesives ASTM D 1876-72—Peel resistance of adhesives (T-peel test)... 

Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds, Test for (D 903) Climbing Drum Peel Test for Adhesives, Method for (D 1781) Peel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test), Test for (D 1876) Evaluating Peel Strength of Shoe Sole Attaching Adhesives,... 

Negretti Automation supplies equipment for carrying out 180° peel tests for adhesive tapes and similar products to British Standard specifications. 

D-1781. Method for Climbing Drum Peel Test for Adhesives. Tests the resistance to removal in peel of less flexible adherends from relatively rigid substrates. Fig. 13 shows the test device, which is a bit complex but useful where peel resistance data are needed on bonds involving adherends too stiff for... 

Due to the high practical relevance of adhesion forces in industrial and everyday applications, a broad spectrum of experimental methods to measure adhesion forces has been established and there are, for example, standardized procedures such as peel tests for adhesive tapes or tack tests for pressure-sensitive adhesives. We will focus here on some representative examples of experimental work targeted toward a fundamental understanding of contact mechanics and adhesion phenomena. 

In the literature, there are several reports that examine the role of conventional fillers like carbon black on the autohesive tack (uncured adhesion between a similar pair of elastomers) [225]. It has been shown that the incorporation of carbon black at very high concentration (>30 phr) can increase the autohesive tack of natural and butyl rubber [225]. Very recently, for the first time, Kumar et al. [164] reported the effect of NA nanoclay (at relatively very low concentration) on the autohesive tack of BIMS rubber by a 180° peel test. XRD and AFM show intercalated morphology of nanoclay in the BIMS rubber matrix. However, the autohesive tack strength dramatically increases with nanoclay concentration up to 8 phr, beyond which it apparently reaches a plateau at 16 phr of nanoclay concentration (see Fig. 36). For example, the tack strength of 16 phr of nanoclay-loaded sample is nearly 158% higher than the tack strength of neat BIMS rubber. The force versus, distance curves from the peel tests for selected samples are shown in Fig. 37. 

Tests for adhesion are carried out in peel or direct tension, peel being the most common, although tension tests are particularly useful for thin coatings where the rubber is too thin or too weak to successfully carry out a peel test. 

There are two categories of common tests for adhesives fundamental property tests and end-use tests. End-use tests, such as peel and shear, are those that try to simulate the type of loading and service conditions to which a joint will be subjected. These tests are relatively straightforward, but experience is required to establish the correct sample type and testing procedures, judge the reliability of the resulting data, and interpret the results and apply them to a practical application. 

Peeling tests for film coats are a part of pharmaceutical development and similar tests for the adhesion of transdermal particles to skin have been used. 

Aluminum panels, which had a thickness of 0.61 and 1.63 mm, were etched with chromic acid. ASTM procedure D3167—76 (reapproved 1981) was followed for 135° peel tests. The adhesive film was placed between the aluminum panels and press-laminated at a temperature of 177 °C for 1 h at a pressure of approximately 5 psi (34.5 x 103 Pa). The temperature was then increased to 220 °C, and the joints were kept under pressure for another hour. The heaters in the hydraulic press were then switched off and the platens air-cooled and then water-cooled until the platen temperature was down to 100 °C. The bonded panels were cut into 12.7-mm-wide joints and tested at a rate of 20 mm/min and at a peel angle of 135°. 

Figure 16.12. Four tests of fracture energy (a) Griffith test for cohesive fracture energy, (b) T tear test, (cMap test for adhesive fracture energy, and (d) peel tost.

Acceptance tests on adhesives should be directed toward assurance that incoming materials are identical from lot to lot. The tests should be those that can quickly and accurately detect deficiencies in the adhesive s physical or chemical properties. A number of standard tests for adhesive bonds and for adhesive acceptance have been specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The properties usually reported by adhesive suppliers are ASTM tensile-shear (ASTM D-1002) and peel strength (ASTM D-903, D-1876, and D-3167). 

A relatively simple way to an understanding is via an energy-balance approach to the theory of peel adhesion, which is essentially an application of the first law of thermodynamics. This is developed in the article on Peel tests. For ease of illustration, consider the 90° peel of an inextensible strip. Equation 7 in the article cited gives peel energy P as... 

As described in Section II of this chapter, there are many types of peel tests available to characterize adhesives. These tests are important because peel stresses arise in the loading of many joint geometries, such as lap joints. Peel tests are severe because they constitute a test of the adhesive in its weakest stress mode. However, the peel test is a comparative test for adhesives and is dependent on many parameters. These parameters, such as peel speed, peel angle, bond thickness, and temperature, must be held constant to obtain valid results. The stress analysis of peeling is highly complicated because of these variable dependencies. 

Shephard, N.E. and Wightman, J.P., An Analysis of the 180° Peel Test for Measuring Sealant Adhesion. In Lacasse, Michael, A. (Ed.), Science and Technology of Budding Seals and Sealants Fifth Volume, ASTM STP 1271. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1995. 

BS EN 28510 Adhesives. Peel test for a flexible-bonded to-rigid test specimen assembly ... 

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