Texaco partial oxidation

Partial oxidation (Texaco gasification) process a partial oxidation gasification process for generating synthetic gas, principally hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 

Texaco gasification process see Partial oxidation (Texaco gasification) process. 

Fii>. 1.6. Hydrogen maniirndure by partial oxidation. Texaco procc.ss. 

Table 26. Feedstock and rate-gas composition in partial oxidation (Texaco piocovs, ijuriuli, 25 bar)... 

Process Conditions. When using oxygen for the conversion of hydrocarbons, it is possible to achieve high equilibrium temperatures. This allows the use of high pressures (40-50 bar) while still maintaining a low content of methane in the product gas. The non-catalytic partial oxidation (Texaco, Shell) requires very high temperature (ca. 1400°C) in order to cope with carbon formation. 

Strelzoff, S. (1974), Partial oxidation for syngas and fuel (comparaison des precedes Texaco, Shell et Union Carbide) . Hydrocarbon processing, Vol. 53, No. 12, p. 79. 

Parameter Steam reforming (SR) Partial oxidation (POX) Texaco gasification (TG) Water electrolysis... 

The Texaco process was first utilized for the production of ammonia synthesis gas from natural gas and oxygen. It was later (1957) appHed to the partial oxidation of heavy fuel oils. This appHcation has had the widest use because it has made possible the production of ammonia and methanol synthesis gases, as well as pure hydrogen, at locations where the lighter hydrocarbons have been unavailable or expensive such as in Maine, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Norway, and Japan. 

Noncatalytic partial oxidation of residual fuel oil accounts for the remainder of world methanol production. Shell and Texaco ate the predominant hcensors for partial oxidation technology (16) the two differ principally in the mechanical details of mixing the feedstock and oxidant, in waste heat recovery, and in soHds management. 

Heavy Hydrocarbon-Based Partial Oxidation Processes. Two major partial oxidation processes are commercially available, the SheU process (38) and the Texaco process (39). Operating conditions in the gas generator vary from 1200°C to 1370°C and from 3100 kPa to 8270 kPa (450—1200 psig). Generally, heavy oils are the hydrocarbon feeds however, the process can also accommodate feeds from natural gas to residual oils. 

The saturated, cleaned raw synthesis gas from a Texaco partial oxidation system is first shifted by use of a sulfur resistant catalyst. Steam required for shifting is already present ia the gas by way of the quench operation ia the generator. The shifted gas is then processed for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal followed by Hquid nitrogen scmbbiag. 

ER E has studied these alternatives for the utilization of coal liquefaction bottoms in the production of hydrogen and fuel gas and in doing so has had discussions of partial oxidation with Texaco and Shell. These studies have identified a potentially attractive processing sequence utilizing FLEXICOKING to produce additional liquids and plant fuel, and partial oxidation to produce hydrogen. 

Both FLEXICOKING and partial oxidation are commercial processes for petroleum residue (12,13). In addition, partial oxidation has been utilized to generate Synthesis gas with coal as a feed (14,15). Coal liquefaction bottoms have been processed in small pilot units in recent studies including Exxon s 2 B/D FLEXICOKING pilot plant (3) and Texaco s 12 T/D partial oxidation unit (16). Studies in Exxon s unit have included EDS bottoms from Illinois and Wyoming coals while SRC-I, SRC-II, H-Coal and... 

ER E discussions with Texaco and with Shell on bottoms processing are summarized herein. Texaco has indicated that its partial oxidation process could be applied to coal liquefaction bottoms on a commercial scale and that operation of their 12 T/D pilot plant with coal liquefaction bottoms representative of a projected commercial feedstock would be adequate to set the design basis for a commercial facility. Texaco indicated that three to four years after successful operation of the 12 T/D unit a commercial facility could be ready for startup. In initial discussions, Shell has indicated that development of the Shell/ Koppers partial oxidation process for coal liquefaction bottoms would involve operations of both their 6 T/D pilot plant and their 150 T/D demonstration unit. It was estimated that the 150 T/D facility might become available in the late 1980/early 1981 time frame for possible operation on vacuum bottoms. 

Discussions with Texaco and Shell will continue in order to pursue further application of partial oxidation for coal liquefaction bottoms. 

The Entrained system is a high temperature, high reaction rate process in which coal, oxygen (or air) and steam combine rapidly to produce LBG or MBG. The commercial processes aim primarily at the use of oxygen. Several developmental processes use oxygen or air. The most widely used commercial process (Koppers-Totzek) is operated at atmospheric pressure. The Texaco partial oxidation process used with oil and gas is under development for use with coal. Shell and Koppers are developing a pressurized version of the current Koppers-Totzek process. The advantages of the entrained... 

Synthesis gas manufacture by partial oxidation or autothermal cracking of crude oil fractions was developed by BASF/Lurgi, Texaco and Hydrocarbon Research. Heat for the thermal cracking is supplied by partial combustion of the feed in the presence of water. Recycled CO2 may also be added to the combustion to attain a desired CO/H2 ratio46. 

Non-catalytic partial oxidation (POX) of hydrocarbons from residual fuel oils to methane is commercially proven by two processes, one offered by Texaco and the other by Shell. Davy has experience with both processes. Each process has a large number of plants in operation, with feeds varying from natural gas to high sulfur residual oil. (In fact, so long as the feedstock can be pumped, it is a suitable feestock for a partial oxidation gasifier. 

Techniques of partial oxidation of petrolenm cuts, which are generally thermal and use burners (Texaco Shelly Some of them use contact masses whose catalytic effect is claimed by the process licensors ONIA GEGI Office National des Indusp-ies de VAzote MontecatinU Koppers Totzek). However, the Ugh temperatures employed and the danger of carbon deposits on the contact mass do not favor the spread of these technologies. 

Figures 1.6 and 1.7 offer a schematic representation of units of the Texaco and Shell type, whose special feature is to recover the carbon formed by washing with tvater, and then to extract the sludge obtained with naphtha. The extract can then be homogenized with the feed and thus sent directly to the partial oxidation reactor (Shell version), or previously treated by stripping by reboiling in the presence ofheavier hydrocarbons, such as fiiel oil or crude oil, in order to separate and recycle the naphtha (Texaco version).

Gardner et al. reported that H2S catalytic partial oxidation technology with an AC catalyst is a promising method for the removal of H2S from fuel cell hydrocarbon feedstocks.206 Three different fuel cell feedstocks were considered for analysis sour natural gas, sour effluent from a liquid middle distillate fuel processor, and a Texaco 02-blown coal-derived synthesis gas. Their experimental results indicate that H2S concentration can be removed down to the part per million level in these plants. Additionally, a power-law rate expression was developed and reaction kinetics compared with prior literature. The activation energy for this reaction was determined to be 34.4 kJ/g mol with the reaction being first order in H2S and 0.3 order in 02. 

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