Pulping liquid

Liquids. Especially for corrosive acids, sewage, slurries, paper pulp. Liquid should have a conductivity of at least 1 pQ cm... 

Liquid chlorine dioxide, ClOj, boils at 284 K to give an orange-yellow gas. A very reactive compound, it decomposes readily and violently into its constituents. It is a powerful oxidising agent which has recently found favour as a commercial oxidising agent and as a bleach for wood pulp and flour. In addition, it is used in water sterilisation where, unlike chlorine, it does not produce an unpleasant taste. It is produced when potassium chlorate(V) is treated with concentrated sulphuric acid, the reaction being essentially a disproportionation of chloric(V) acid ... 

Liquid sulfur dioxide discolors iron, copper, and brass at ca 300 ppm moisture and produces light scale at ca 0.1 wt % moisture and serious corrosion at ca 0.2 wt % or higher moisture content. Copper and brass can be used to handle wet sulfur dioxide where some corrosion can be tolerated, or where the moisture level is low. Wooden tanks are widely used for sulfurous acid preparation, handling, and storage. Sulfite pulp digestors are made of steel lined with acid-resistant brick. 

The Dorr agitator (Coulson and Richardson, loc. cit.) consolidates in one unit the principles of the thickener and the Pachuca tank. Resembling a rake-equipped thickener, it differs in that the rake is driven by a hollow shaft through which the solids-liquid suspension is lifted and circulated by an air stream. The rake moves the pulp to the center, where it can be entrained by the air stream. The unit may be operated batchwise or continuously. 

The side depth of the thickener is determined as the sum of the depths needea for the compression zone and for the clear zone. Normally, 1.5 to 2 m of clear liquid depth above the expected pulp level in a thickener will be sufficient for stable, effective operation. When the location of the pulp level cannot be predicted in advance or it is expected to be relatively low, a thickener sidewall depth of 2 to 3 m is usually safe. Greater depth may be used in order to provide better clarity, although in most thickener applications the improvement obtained by this means will be marginal. 

Ptdp) filtei. s. These filters employ one or more packs of filtermasse (cellulose fibers compressed to a compact cylinder) stacked into a pressure case. The packs are sometimes supported in individual trays which provide drainage channels and sometimes rest on one another with a loose spacer plate between each two packs and with a drainage screen buried in the center of each pack. The liquid being clarified flows under a pressure of 345 kPa (50 psig) or less through the pulp packs and into a drainage manifold. Flow rates are somewhat less than for disk filters, on the order of 20 L/(min-m ) [0.5 gal/ (min-ft")]. Pulp filters are used chiefly to polish beverages. The filtermasse may be washed in special washers and re-formed into new cakes. 

When the problem is to disrupt Ughtly bonded clusters or agglomerates, a new aspect of fine grinding enters. This may be iUustrated by the breakdown of pigments to incorporate them in liquid vehicles in the making of paints, and the disruption of biological cells to release soluble produces. Purees, food pastes, pulps, and the like are processed by this type of mill. Dispersion is also associated with the formation of emulsions which are basically two-fluid systems. Syrups, sauces, milk, ointments, creams, lotions, and asphalt and water-paint emulsions are in this categoiy. 

Venmri scrubbers have been applied to control PM emissions from utility, industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers fired with coal, oil, wood, and liquid waste. They have also been applied to control emission sources in the chemical, mineral products, wood, pulp and paper, rock products, and asphalt manufacrnring industries lead, aluminum, iron and steel, and gray iron production industries and to municipal solid waste incinerators. Typically, venturi scrubbers are applied where it is necessary to obtain high collection efficiencies for fine PM. Thus, they are applicable to controlling emission sources with high concentrations of submicron PM. 

Perlite and Solka-floc are finely divided powders manufactured from a volcanic mineral and from wood pulp respectively, which have filtration properties very similar to those of diatomite. Like diatomite, they are inert to a wide range of process liquids. Like diatomite, they are available in a range of particle-size distributions to give the desired clarity and flowrate in different applications. On a cost-of-use basis, they are as economical as, or more economical than, diatomite. 

TrUbe, /. turbidity, etc. (see trilbe) turbid liquid sludge, slime, mud Metal.) pulp dross, -dichte,/. Metal.) pulp density. 

Figure 5-5R. Cut-out propeller. Displaces a small amount of liquid combined with a high rate of shear for shredding, breaking up pulps, etc. Courtesy of Lightnin (formerly Mixing Equipment Co.), a unit of General Signal.

The fact that tantalum and niobium complexes form in fluoride solutions not only supplements fundamental data on the coordination chemistry of fluoride compounds, but also has a broad practical importance. This type of solution is widely used in the technology of tantalum and niobium compounds in raw material digestion, liquid-liquid extraction, precipitation and re-pulping of hydroxides, and in the crystallization and re-crystallization of K-salts and other complex fluoride compounds. 

The subsequent steps in the production of tantalum and niobium are washing and thermal treatment of the precipitated hydroxides. For effective washing of precipitated hydroxides, Vaicenberg et al. [490] recommended the use of a 2% wt. ammonia solution that is added at a solid-liquid volumetric ratio of 1 15. It is reported that the above conditions ensure the preparation of dry hydroxides with fluorine contents of less than 2%. Sheka et al. [491] proposed precipitation with ammonia at pH = 8.7-9 (20-40°C) and the subsequent use of 0.5-10% NH4OH with a solid-liquid volumetric ratio of 1 5 for washing (re-pulping). This method enables to reduce the fluorine content in the dry hydroxides to 0.2% wt. 

The liquid remaining from the cooking of pulpwood. It is used as a fuel in specially designed pulp and paper industry WT boilers. 

Enzymatic liquefaction is a relatively new process for the production of juices from fruits and vegetables [1]. Essentially the process is as follows the material is crushed to obtun a pulp which is treated with a combination of pectinases and cellulases. After a certain incubation time, the material becomes a liquid and the Juice can be recovered by decantation. 

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