Neumann, Caspar

Die technik des altertums, 2. verb, aufl., Leipzig, 1921. Neumann, Caspar. 

Neumann, Caspar, Lectiones publicae von vier subjectis diaeteticis nehmlich von.viereley... 

Neumann, Caspar. 1740. Herm D. Caspar Neumanns, Praelectiones chemicae seu chemia medico-pharmaceutica experimentalis rationalis, oder griindlicher Unterricht der Che-mie. Von Johann Christian Zimmermann. Berlin Johann Andreas Rudiger. 

Lewis, William, "The Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann, M.D., Johnston,... 

Caspar Neumann (1683—1737) clearly recognized bismuth as a specific metal (31). Bismuth, said he, is extracted from its own proper ore, which is found most plentifully in Saxony, near Schneeberg, and of which some quantities are met with also in Bohemia and in England. Many have affirmed diat it is an artificial composition, and accordingly... 

Title Page of the Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann (1683-1737). Apothecary and professor of chemistry at Berlin. His writings were carefully studied by Scheele and Davy. 

Caspar Neumann made some elaborate but unsuccessful attempts to obtain a metal from quicklime (3), but for this difficult reduction new methods, new apparatus, and the genius of a Davy were required. 

Tincal (Borax). Even in the eighteenth century, borax was believed to be an artificial production (59, 60). Caspar Neumann (1683-1737) said that Borax is a saline substance, of which neither the origin nor the component parts are as yet known. It comes from the East-Indies in little crystalline masses.. . . The refining of Borax was formerly practised only at Venice, and hence the refined Borax was called Venetian but the Dutch are now the only masters of this manufacture. Serapio calls the rough Borax as it comes from the Indies Tincar and the dealers in this commodity still distinguish it by the name Tincar or Tincal, never calling it Borax till it is refined (95). 

In die eighteendi century, according to Caspar Neumann, alum was used in large quantity In some mechanic businesses, particularly by the dyers, paper makers, goldsmidis, bookbinders, for preserving watery liquors from corruption, for preserving anatomical preparations, and in die embalming of animal bodies It is far more powerfully antiseptic than the Vitriols" (147). 

Although G. E. Stahl and Caspar Neumann both believed that alum contained lime, J. H. Pott was unable to prepare it from lime and vitriolic acid, but always obtained merely selenite (calcium sulfate) (74). When Stahl leached with water a broken clay tube he had used for distilling spirit of vitriol (sulfuric acid), he obtained crystals of alum (74). Pott, too, prepared alum from clay and sulfuric acid (74). 

Death of Caspar Neumann. Jean Hellot prepares a button of metallic bismuth and makes public the secret process for preparing phosphorus. 

See Caspar Neumann, Chymia medica dogmatico-experimentalh (Zulhchau, 1756). 

On the school, see above. On Neumann s professional career see Alfred Exner, Der Hofapotheker Caspar Neumann (1683-1737) (Berlin Triltsch Huther, 1938). 

William Lewis, The Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann—, 2 v., London, 1759 P. J. Maequer, Elements of the Theory and Practice of Chemistry, 2. 

Bohuslav Brauner (Prag 8 May 1855-15 February 1935) was the son of a lawyer and leader of the Czech party. His maternal grandfather, K, A. Neumann, was professor of chemistry in the Polytechnic there and a nephew of Caspar Neumann (see Vol. II, p. 702). After study at Prag, Brauner worked at Heidelberg with Bunsen, and then Manchester with Roscoe (1880-2). The inspiration in Brauner s work was the periodic law, with which he became acquainted on reading Mendeleeff s paper in Liebig s Annalen of 1871. In an obituary of Mendeleeff (1907) Brauner said... 

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