Inorganic oxidation

Table 3. Classification of Mixed-Metal Oxide Inorganic Pigments According to Crystal Class ...

DCMA Classification and Chemical Description of the Mixed Metal Oxide Inorganic ColoredPigments, 2nd ed.. Metal Oxides and Ceramic Colors... 

This material is resistant to most hot, highly oxidizing inorganic acids,... 

In the presence of many organic compounds as well as of certain easily oxidized inorganic compounds such as the iodide ion, part of the oxidized H2O2 is added to the compound. 

Anaerobic conditions, i.e., the absence of DO and nitrate or other oxidized inorganic nitrogen compounds, are crucial for the formation of sulfide. Although sulfide requires strict anaerobic conditions for its formation, it is... 

Also included in Table 7.7 are the nitrogen fixation reactions. These are similar to the carbon fixation reactions in that they involve the conversion of an oxidized inorganic species (N2) 1° a reduced form, such as ammonium. The fixed forms of nitrogen can be taken up by plants. As with carbon fixation, this process requires an energy source in order to proceed. Some N2 fixers are photosynthetic and others use energy obtained from the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds. 

Inorganic film contaminants are usually oxides, inorganic salts and/or water and are present as a result of reaction with ambient air, exces-... 

Chemoautotrophic Inorganic compound O, or another inorganic compound Oxidized inorganic compound... 

Carbon occurs in a wide variety of compounds on Earth, from reduced organic compounds in the biosphere to oxidized inorganic compounds like CO2 and carbonates. The broad spectrum of carbon-bearing compounds involved in low- and high-temperature geological settings can be assessed on the basis of carbon isotope fractionations. 

Huhert-Pfalzgraf LG (1998) Some aspects of home and heterometallic alkoxides based on fimctional alcohols. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 180, 967-997 Huhert-Pfalzgraf LG (2003) Some trends in the design of homo- and heterometallic molecular precimsors of high-tech oxides. Inorganic Chemistry Communications 6(1), 102-120... 

The term mixed metal oxide pigment denotes a pigment that crystallizes in a stable oxide lattice, and in which the color is due to the incorporation of colored cations in this lattice. Such compounds are regarded as solid solutions. The American Dry Color Manufacturers Association has abandoned the term mixed metal oxide inorganic colored pigments , it denotes these colorants as complex inorganic color pigments [3.73],... 

Chemolithotrophic organisms can oxidize inorganic substances such as HoS, elemental sulfur, or reduced nitrogen compounds, obtaining... 

Perchloric acid forms explosive mixtures with organic compounds and easily oxidized inorganic compounds such as ammonia. 

The fundamental task, in our opinion, is to correlate the principles and methods of the proposed synthesis with those of mechanochemical synthesis. Thus, besides the destruction processes and mechanochemical synthesis discussed in the literature, other lands of transformations sometimes occur as side reactions, or even as major processes. These include chemical fixation of small molecules (methyl chloride or butyl alcohol) on mechanically activated macromolecular backbones grafting of inorganic surfaces (quartz, metals, metallic oxides, inorganic salts, etc.) dispersed by vibratory milling on polymerized fragments synthesized from monomers present in the reaction medium, and activated by centers on the inorganic surface (14) and the possibility of some reactions (such as nitration), achieved so far on macromolecular supports and only as side reactions. 

Short-lived adducts may be formed as intermediates in the reactions of the oxidizing inorganic radicals with the nucleobases, and it is therefore not always fully excluded that processes observed at very short times and attributed to the reactions of radical cations are in fact due to such intermediates. It may be mentioned that, for example, a long-lived S04 -adduct is observed in the reaction of S04, with maleic acid (Norman et al. 1970). It has been suggested that S04, in its reactions with the pyrimidines forms only an adduct and does not give rise to radical cations (Lomoth et al. 1999). The observation of heteroatom-centered radicals by EPR from the nucleobases Ura, Thy and Cyt (Catterall et al. 1992) as well as dCyd (Hildenbrand et al. 1989) (see below) has been taken as evidence that in the reaction of S04 with pyrimidines radical cations are likely, albeit... 

Arsenic in pyrite primarily exists as As(I-) (Simon et al., 1999, 1076). Once arsenic is released into aqueous solutions by the weathering of arsenian pyrite, it would exist as As(V) or metastable As(III). As shown in the following reaction, Fe(III) is capable of oxidizing inorganic As(III) at pH conditions of about... 

The net photosynthetic reactions that produce organic matter with the stoichiometric proportions of C, N, S, and P as given above can be written for the mean composition of marine plankton and land plants in a form that balances oxidized inorganic reactants with organic matter and free oxygen as the reaction products. The two reactions are ... 

Figure 10.12 illustrates the carbon and sulfur isotopic compositions of a variety of materials. For both carbon and sulfur, there is an important fractionation that obtains when organic processes are involved. Organic material is depleted in 3c, and sulfide produced from bacterial reduction of sulfate is depleted in 34s. In the exogenic carbon cycle, there are two principal reservoirs of carbon the oxidized inorganic carbon reservoir, which is mostly carbonate... 

There have been few elemental speciation studies in the literature involving cation-exchange chromatography (CEC) coupled to ICP-MS. A cation-exchange column was used by Larsen et al. [57,69] for arsenic speciation in several seafood sample extracts. The chromatography was optimized for the separation of arsenocholine, trimethylarsinic, trimethylarsine oxide, inorganic As, and two unknown cationic arsenic compounds. A mobile phase of 20 mM pyridinium ion, at pH 2.65, was used to perform the separation (Fig. 10.10). 

Oxidation States Higher oxidation states are more stable than in the 3d series, and lower one less common. The group oxidation Inorganic Chemistry... 

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