Oxidation of Inorganic Compounds

Fe2 Fe(OH), Fast Filtration of solids required application in the beverage industry 

Br HOBr/OBr BA Moderate Bromination of organic compounds possible Bromate as toxic by-product 

Chloramines, Bromamines Moderate Loss of combined chlorine 

As shown in Table 3-1, ozone can destroy other disinfectants. This should be avoided by dosing them not ahead of ozonation stages, but rather at the end of the total treatment before the distribution of water to the supply-net. A special case is the reaction of ozone with H202 (correctly with the species H02 ), which is used as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) for intensified formation of hydroxyl radicals and their oxidative attack on persistent organic target compounds (persistent against ozone in the direct reaction mechanism) (see Chapter A 2). 

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Another important example of catalytic oxidation of inorganic compounds by peroxidases is the catalysis of iodide oxidation by TPO. TPO is involved in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormone and catalyzes the reactions of iodination and coupling in the thyroid gland. Magnusson et al. [215] considered two possible pathways of iodination the formation of enzyme-bound hypoiodite and the formation of free hypoiodide (Reactions (17) and (18)) ... 

Table 3-1 Oxidation of inorganic compounds by ozonation (Langlais etal., 1991 Hoign6 and Bader, 1985).

Chemoautotroph Oxidation of inorganic compounds Oxidation of inorganic compounds co2 Hydrogen, sulfur, iron, and denitrifying bacteria... 

Chemolithoautotroph An organism capable of generating metabolically useful energy by the oxidation of inorganic compounds... 

The lowering of the temperature of reduction by H2 of numerous metal oxides by addition of a transition metal is well documented and may be attributed to spillover (7,8,62). Among all the metal dopants added, Pt and Pd are seen to be the most efficient and have been the most often studied. It should be noted that spillover does not only give rise to the reduction of solid or adsorbed phases oxidations of inorganic compounds such as UF4 (as well as carbon) can occur when Pt is present and the sample is exposed to oxygen (63-65). 

Chemolithotrophs obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen gas (H2), nitrite (NOj), ammonia (NH3), and ferrous iron (Fe2+). Chemolithotrophy is restricted to bacteria and is not found in higher forms of life. Chemolithotrophic bacteria are widespread in soil and water, and they benefit from the inorganic energy sources available in these habitats. 

Scharer JM, Ibbotson B. 1982. Bacterial oxidation of inorganic compounds in mining waste. Conserv Recycling 5 47 53. 

Chemosynthesis the process of dark fixation of CO2 into cellular material coupled to oxidation of inorganic compounds. 

Cytochrome with heme B or protoheme as the prosthetic group is known as cytochrome b. Cytochrome b functions usually as the electron transfer component. However, the cytochrome system which participates in the oxidation of inorganic compounds in the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria is usually composed of cytochrome c and the terminal oxidase without cytochrome b (Yamanaka, 1996). 

In Chapter 2, there is a brief survey of cytochromes, which participate especially in the bacterial oxidation of inorganic compounds. 

These bacteria are autotrophic, i.e. they grow by oxidation of inorganic compounds. Nitrosomonas bacteria reproduce much more slowly than Nitrobacter, so die first reaction is determining. 

Parker CD, Prisk A (1953) The oxidation of inorganic compounds of sulphur by various sulphur bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 8 344-364 Parker CD, Jackson D (1965) The microbial flora of concrete surfaces. Hydrogen Sulphide Corrosion of Concrete Sewers Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works, Melbourne, Australia Technical Paper No. A8, Part 6, pp 1-29... 

The utilization of carbon dioxide by chemoautotrophic and hetero-trophic organisms for biosjmthetic purposes is, like photoc thesis, a reduction of carbon dioxide. In heterotrophic life this reduction is carried out at the expense of preformed organic matter while chemo-autotrophs utilize for the same purpose hydrogen made available through oxidation of inorganic compounds. On the other hand photosjmthesis, at least as carried out by green plants, depends on water as the ultimate hydrogen donor. 

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