Strict anaerobes

Harvey (1952) noted R. S. Anderson has tested Aequorea at Friday Harbor and found that his hydromedusan will luminesce under strict anaerobic conditions. It was an extremely important observation retrospectively. The ability to luminesce in the absence of oxygen had been also observed with Medusa hemisphaerica by Macartney (1810) and with radiolarians, ctenophores, and Pelagia by Harvey (1926b). 

In Desulfovibrio, as in other strict anaerobes and some aerobic microorganisms, pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated by pyruvate oxidoreductase (FOR) according to the following reaction ... 

In photosynthetic bacteria, (i.e., Chlorobiaceae) the bacteriochlorophyUs support photosynthesis at low light intensities, and they accomplish this activity by using a unique antenna complex known as a chlorosome in which the pigments are located. Since these bacteria are strict anaerobes, photosynthesis is nonoxygenic. ... 

Coates ID, VK Bhupathiraju, LA Achenbach, MJ Mclnemey, DR Lovely (2001) Geobacter hydrogerwphilus, Geobacter chapellei and Geobacter grbiciae, three new, strictly anaerobic, dissimilatory Pe(lll) reducers. Int J Syst Evolut Microbiol 51 581-588. 

Gorny N, G Wahl, A Brune, B Schink (1992) A strictly anaerobic nitrate-reducing bacterium growing with resorcinol and other aromatic compunds. Arch Microbiol 158 48-53. 

Schink B, N Pfennig (1982) Propionigenium modestum gen. nov., sp. nov., a new strictly anaerobic, nonspor-ing bacterium growing on succmute. Arch Microbiol 133 209-216. 

Szewzyk R, N Pfennig (1987) Complete oxidation of catechol by the strictly anaerobic sulfate-reducing Desulfobacterium catecholicum sp. nov. Arch Microbiol 147 163-168. 

Under conditions of oxygen limitation in continuous culture, mixed populations of aerobic bacteria and the strictly anaerobic Methanobacterium formicicum and Methanosarcina barkeri could be maintained (Gerritse and Gottschal 1993a). 

Baughn AD, MN Malamy (2004) The strict anaerobe Bacteriodes fragilis grown in and benefits from nanomolar concentrations of oxygen. Nature 427 441-444. 

Das A, R Silaghi-Dumitrescu, LG Ljungdahl, DM Kurtz (2005) Cytochrome bd oxidase, oxidative stress, and dioxygen tolerance of the strictly anaerobic bacterium Moorella thermoacetica. J Bacteriol 187 2020-2029. 

Lemos RS, CM Gomes, M Santana, J LeGall, AV Xavier, M Teixeira (2001) The strict anaerobe Desulfovi-brio gigas contains a membrane-bound oxygen-reducing respiratory chain. EEBS Lett 496 40-43. 

Cultivation of strictly anaerobic organisms requires not only that the medium be oxygen-free, but also that the redox potential of the medium be compatible with that required by the organisms. This may be accomplished by addition of reducing agents such as sulfide, dithionite, titanium(III) citrate, or titanium(IIl) nitrilotriacetate. Any of these may, however, be toxic so that only low concentrations should be employed. Attention has been drawn to the fact that titanium(III) citrate-reduced medium may be inhibitory to bacteria during initial isolation (Wachenheim and Hespell 1984). 

Hungate R E (1969) A roll tube method for cultivation of strict anaerobes. In Methods in Microbiology (Eds Norris and DW Ribbons), Vol 3B, pp 117-132. Academic Press, New York. 

Janssen PH, P Hugenholtz (2003) Fermentation of glycolate by a pure culture of a strictly anaerobic Grampositive bacterium belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae. Arch Microbiol 179 321-328. 

Matties C, B Schink (1992) Fermentative degradation of glutarate via decarboxylation by newly isolated strictly anaerobic bacteria. Arch Microbiol 157 290-296. 

Stickland LH (1934) Studies in the metabolism of the strict anaerobes (genus Clostridium). I. The chemical reactions by which Cl sporogenes obtains its energy. Biochem J 28 1746-1759. 

Magli A, M Messmer, T Leisinger (1998) Metabolism of dichloromethane by the strict anaerobe Dehalo-bacterium formicoaceticum. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 646-650. 

Me[5mer M, G Wohlfarth, G Diekert (1993) Methyl chloride metabolism of the strictly anaerobic, methyl chloride-utilizing homoacetogen strain MC. Arch Microbiol 160 383-387. 

Traunecker J, A Preub, G Diekert (1991) Isolation and characterization of a methyl chloride utilizing, strictly anaerobic bacterium. Arch Microbiol 156 416-421. 

Considerable effort has been devoted to the anaerobic degradation of aromatic compounds. It is important to note that several distinct groups of organisms are involved (a) strictly anaerobic... 

Brauman A, JA Muller, J-L Garcia, A Brine, B Schink (1998) Eermentative degradation nof 3-hydroxybenzoate in pure culture by a novel strictly anaerobic bacterium, Sporotomaculum hydroxybenzoicum gen. nov., sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacterial 48 215-221. 

Brune A, B Schink (1992) Phloroglucinol pathway in the strictly anaerobic Pelobacter acidigallici fermentation of trihydroxybenzenes to acetate via triacetic acid. Arch Microbiol 157 417-424. 

Brune A, S Schnell, B Schink (1992) Sequential transhydroxylations converting hydroxyhydroquinone to phloroglucinol in the strictly anaerobic, fermentative bacterium. Pelobacter massiliensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 58 1861-1868. 

Gorny N, B Schink (1994a) Hydroquinone degradation via reductive dehydroxylation of gentisyl-CoA by a strictly anaerobic fermenting bacterium. Arch Microbiol 161 25-32. 

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