Overly comprehensive

The ideal comprehensive guide to written and spoken English the world over, with detailed etymologies and a wide selection of colloquial and idiomatic usage. There are over 100,000 entries and thousands of examples of how words are actually used - all clear, precise and up-to-date. 

Jean-Pierre Wauquier has accepted to take over for us as editor of the first two volumes. Pierre Leprince, followed by other well known figures will then carry on and complete this comprehensive series. 

Over the years, as mentioned, I followed the practice that, whenever in a specific area of my research I felt that I had substantially achieved my goals and that it was time to consider shifting my emphasis elsewhere, I wrote (or edited) a book or comprehensive review of the field. My books are listed in the Appendix for interested readers who want to obtain more information or details, as well as relevant literature references. 

I undertook the present task to give a birds-eye view of the broad field of palladium in organic synthesis. 1 have tried to accomplish this ttisk by citing many references these were selected from a much larger number which I have collected over the years. I tried to be as comprehensive as possible by selecting those references which reported original ideas and new reactions, or evident synthetic utility. Synthetic utility is clearly biased towards catalytic rather than stoichiometric reactions and this emphasis is apparent in the selection of the... 

In their pioneer work, Brunauer and Emmett adopted the value a (Ar) = 13-8 for the molecular area of argon, by insertion of the liquid density Pi in the standard equation (2.27). The same figure was recommended by McClellan and Harnsberger " as a result of their comprehensive survey of the literature, already referred to. These workers noted that the recorded values of a (based on a (N2) = 16 2 A ) extended over the wide range 10-19 A, and concluded that the area occupied per molecule of argon in the completed monolayer varied from one adsorbent to another. 

Naphthenic acids have been the topic of numerous studies extending over many years. Originally recovered from the petroleum distillates to minimise corrosion of refinery equipment, they have found wide use as articles of commerce in metal naphthenates and other derivatives. A comprehensive overview of the uses of naphthenic acid and its derivatives can be found in References 1 and 2. A review of the extensive research on carboxyUc acids in petroleum conducted up to 1955 is available (3), as is a more recent review of purification, identification, and uses of naphthenic acid (4). 

Over a period of about 50 years, the science of polymer chemistry has developed a comprehensive means of polymer characterization techniques. In the case of PE, these parameters include the composition, molecular weight, and compositional distribution. The composition of ethylene copolymers is usually measured by C-nmr, H-nmr, or in techniques. 

In the most recent and comprehensive study, 230 measurements from 11 sampling points along 225 km of the Rhine and adjoining rivers were made over a period of one year (1991—1992). The concentration of DEHP found varied from 0.11 to 10.3 )-lg/L the latter value is unusually high as evidenced by the mean concentration of only 0.82 )-lg/L (55). 

Antibiotics have a wide diversity of chemical stmctures and range ia molecular weight from neat 100 to over 13,000. Most of the antibiotics fall iato broad stmcture families. Because of the wide diversity and complexity of chemical stmctures, a chemical classification scheme for all antibiotics has been difficult. The most comprehensive scheme may be found ia reference 12. Another method of classifyiag antibiotics is by mechanism of action (5). However, the modes of action of many antibiotics are stiU unknown and some have mixed modes of action. Usually within a stmcture family, the general mechanism of action is the same. For example, of the 3-lactams having antibacterial activity, all appear to inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. 

Stevioside and rebaudioside A are diterpene glycosides. The sweetness is tainted with a bitter and undesirable aftertaste. The time—intensity profile is characteristic of naturally occurring sweeteners slow onset but lingering. The aglycone moiety, steviol [471 -80-7] (10), which is the principal metaboHte, has been reported to be mutagenic (79). Wide use of stevia ia Japan for over 20 years did not produce any known deleterious side effects. However, because no food additive petition has been presented to the FDA, stevioside and related materials caimot be used ia the United States. An import alert against stevia was issued by the FDA ia 1991. In 1995, however, the FDA revised this import alert to allow the importation and use of stevia as a diet supplement (80), but not as a sweetener or an ingredient for foods. Several comprehensive reviews of stevia are available (81,82). 

Cubic equations, although simple and able to provide semiquantitative descriptions of real fluid behavior, are not generally useful for accurate representation of volumetric data over wide ranges of T and P. For such appHcations, more comprehensive expressions with large numbers of adjustable parameters are needed. 7h.e simplest of these are the extended virial equations, exemplified by the eight-constant Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) equation of state (13) ... 

Subsequently, other structural variations were reported encompassing compounds such as PS-5 (5) (5), carpetimycin A (6) (6), asparenomycin A (7) (7), and pluracidomycin A (8) (8), from a wide variety of streptomycete strains. Following these stmctures the simplest member of the series, having the completely unsubstituted nucleus, (1, X = CH2), was isolated from bacterial strains of Serratia and Ervinia (9). AH other natural products reported have substituents at both the C-6 and C-2 positions of the bicycHc ring system. Differences in the nature and stereochemistry of these substituents has provided a wide variety of stmctures, and over forty variations have been reported and comprehensively Hsted (10). 

As noted, the weir crest is calculated on an equivalent clear-liquid basis. A more realistic approach is to recognize that in general a froth or spray flows over the outlet weir (settling can occur upstream of the weir if a large calming zone with no dispersers is used). Bennett et al. [AIChE J., 29, 434 (1983)] allowed for froth overflow in a comprehensive study of pressure drop across sieve plates their correlation for residual pressure drop /jf in Eq. (14-87) is represented by Eqs. (14-115) through (14-120) ... 

Primarily because of the lack of adequate experimental techniques (particularly, the produc tion of appropriate monodisperse aerosols), there has been no comprehensive experimental test of any of the venturi-scrubber models over wide ranges of design and operating variables. The models for other types of scrubbers appear to be essentially untested. 

The most comprehensive correlation for heat transfer to vertical baffle-type coils is for a disk flat-blade turbine over the Reynolds number range lO to (2)(10 ) ... 

Excess liability insurance over commercial general liability and comprehensive automobile liability coverages afforded by the primary policies... 

The assessor should verify that there is a comprehensive formal system that specifies self-audits on a planned frequency. Over time, all areas should be audited. Results should be reported to maiiagemeiit with appropriate follow-up documented. Self-audits should be thorough, addressing all aspects of the area s fuiictioiis. Outsiders riot working in the specific audit area should be iiicluded ill the exercise for objectivity. 

The literature on shock compression of solids has grown remarkably over the past thirty years. It is extremely difficult to review all pertinent works. However, a number of comprehensive reviews on the subject have been cited. 

So that you know where to find the phase diagrams you need we have listed published sources of phase diagrams in the Further Reading section. The determination of a typical phase diagram used to provide enough work to keep a doctoral student busy for several years. And yet the most comprehensive of the references runs to over a thousand different phase diagrams ... 

NIOSHTIC on compact disc from the Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety (ean buy at CCOHS web site). "NIOSHTIC(R) is a bibliographie database which provides comprehensive international coverage of documents on occupational health and safety, as well as related fields. It eontains detailed summaries of over 200,000 articles, reports and publications, spanning over 100 years. NIOSHTIC(R) sources include over 160 scientific and technical journals, NIOSH reports (published and unpublished), NIOSH research bibliographies, abstracts from CIS Abstracts, and personal files from respected professionals on selected topics. 

The information to be compiled about the chemicals, including process intermediates, needs to be comprehensive enough for an accurate assessment of the fire and explosion characteristics, reactivity hazards, the safety and health hazards to workers, and the corrosion and erosion effects on the process equipment and monitoring tools. Current material safety data sheet (MSDS) information can be used to help meet this requirement but must be supplemented with process chemistry information, including runaway reaction and over-pressure hazards, if applicable. 

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