Systemic Chronic

Influenza vaccine should be given yearly to all adults 50 years of age or older. Younger adults with chronic disorders of the cardiovascular or pulmonary systems, chronic metabolic diseases, renal dysfunction, immunosuppression, or disorders that compromise respiratory function should also be vaccinated. Women who will be pregnant during the winter months should be vaccinated against influenza. 

Figure 2-4 summarizes areas concerning the health effects of acrylonitrile where studies have and have not been performed. There are some data available on the effects in humans following acute or chronic exposure to acrylonitrile via the inhalation route of exposure. The target organ for acute toxicity is the nervous system. Chronic exposure to acrylonitrile has been associated with cancer. However, many of the available reports lack quantitative information on exposure levels. In humans,... 

Neurological Effects. Neurological effects in hrnnans after acute inhalation exposure to chloroform are well documented because chloroform has been used as an anesthetic for surgery. Inhaled chloroform acts as a depressant on the central nervous system. Chronic inhalation exposure to chloroform resulted in exhaustion, lack of concentration, depression, and irritability in occupationally exposed people (Challen et al. 1958). In a case study, chloroform inhalation for 12 years resulted in psychotic episodes, hallucinations, and convulsions (Heilbmnn et al. 1945). Central nervous system toxicity was observed in humans after oral exposure to chloroform, which suggests that the effects of inhalation and oral exposure are similar. In case reports of patients who intentionally or accidentally ingested several ounces of chloroform, deep coma with abolished reflexes occurred within a few minutes (Piersol et al. 1933 Schroeder 1965 Storms 1973). 

Bone marrow suppression that affects white blood cells more than platelets is the major dose-limiting toxicity. Maximal suppression of blood cell count occurs 10 to 14 days after drug administration recovery is generally seen 21 to 28 days after injection. Cyclophosphamide reduces the number of circulating lymphocytes and impairs the function of both humoral and cellular (i.e., B and T cell) aspects of the immune system. Chronic therapy increases the risk of infections. Nausea may occur a few hours after administration. Alopecia is more common than with other mustards. 

Respiratory system (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD emphysema, chronic bronchitis], acute obstructive lung disease [asthma], chronic restrictive lung disease [connective tissue lung disease])... 

However, chronic administration (e.g. as a depot injection) evokes an initial agonist phase of several days to weeks, followed by a suppression of gonadotrophin secretion. The precise molecular site of action of this process is unclear, but it is thought to involve an initial loss of receptors, followed by an uncoupling of receptors from their effector systems. Chronic administration is used clinically in the treatment of sex-hormone responsive tumors such as prostate and breast cancer. 

In utero effects Peripheral Renal system Chronic... 

Noradrenergic model. This model suggests that the autonomic nervous system of anxious patients is hypersensitive and overreacts to various stimuli. The locus ceruleus may have a role in regulating anxiety, as it activates norepinephrine release and stimulates the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Chronic noradrenergic overactivity down regulates 02-adrenoreceptors in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) appear to have a hyperresponsive adrenocortical response to psychological stress. 

Emissions of sulfur dioxide — Emissions of niirogeii dioxide Disease of rspiiation systems Chronic pharyngitis, nasopharyngities, sitvusilis... 

Kephart W. Evaluation of Lovelace Health Systems chronic pelvic pain protocol. Am J Manag Care 1999 5 8309-315. 

Definition a systemic, chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by... 

HUMAN HEALTH RISKS EPA Group B2 probable human carcinogen Acute Risks dermatitis chest discomfort drowsiness cough dyspnea effects on blood, liver, kidneys, CNS, gastrointestinal system Chronic Risks tumors in animals. 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS depressed levels of cholinesterase activity in the semm and erythrocytes anorexia cardiovascular system effects effects on the central nervous system chronic skin disorders. 

The nervous system chronic encephalopathy, neurological and psychomotor problems. 

Symptoms of acute solvent poisoning include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, loss of consciousness, and narcotic effects which are attributed to disturbances of the central nervous system. Chronic poisoning is initially undetectable, but subsequently causes damage to organs that are specific for each solvent [14.107]-[14.11oj. 

Acute and chronic health effects are effects on the nervous system. Chronic exposiues may also result in liver damage. The presence of styrene leads to suspicion of cancer. EPA analysis method numbers are 502.2 and 524.2. 

Abidian, M. Ludwig, K. Marzullo, T. Martin, D. Kipke, D. Interfacing conducting polymer nanotubes with the central nervous system Chronic neural recording using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes. Arfv. Mater. 2009, 21, 3764-3770. 

Cd concentrations in the lungs have been determined in humans and vary between 0.4—3.0 pg/g dry weight depending on age, sex, environmental exposure, smoking status, etc. [238,250,251]. Chronic obstructive lung disease frequently occurs as a result of long-term occupational exposure to Cd dusts and fumes (reviewed in [2,5]). The severity of the disease depends on exposure time and Cd dosage. Its manifestation may be slow and become apparent only after several years of exposure. In the upper respiratory system, chronic inflammation of the nose. 

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