Other Indices

The Ryznar stability index (RSI) uses a correlation established between an empirical database of scale thickness observed in municipal water systems and associated water chemistry data. As with the LSI, the RSI has its basis in the concept of saturation level. The RSI takes the following form  

The PSI index is calculated in a manner similar to the RSI. Puckorius uses an equilibrium pH rather than the actual system pH 

The Larson-Shold index is based upon evaluation of in situ corrosion of mild steel lines transporting Great Lakes waters. Extrapolation to other waters than the Great Lakes, such as those of low alkalinity or extreme alkalinity, goes beyond the range of the original data. The index is the ratio of equivalents per million (epm) of sulfate (SO ) and chloride (Cl ) to the epm of alkalinity in the form bicarbonate plus carbonate  

The index has proven a useful tool in predicting the aggressiveness of once-through cooling waters. The Larson-Skold index might be interpreted by the following guidelines  

The Stijf-Davis index attempts to overcome the shortcomings of the LSI with respect to waters with high total dissolved solids and the impact of common ion effects on the scale formation driving force. Like the LSI, the Stiff-Davis index has its basis in the concept of saturation level. The solubility product used to predict the pH at saturation (pHs) for a water is empirically modified in the Stiff-Davis index. The Stiff-Davis index will predict that water is less scale forming than the LSI calculated for the same water chemistry and conditions. The deviation between the indices increases with ionic strength. Interpretation of the index is by the same scale as for the LSI. 

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If a situation arises whereby formation fluid or gas enters the bore bole the driller will notice an increase in the total volume of mud. Other indications such as a sudden increase in penetration rate and a decrease in pump pressure may also indicate an influx. Much depends on a quick response of the driller to close in the well before substantial volumes of formation fluid have entered the borehole. Onoe the BOP is closed, the new mud gradient required to restore balance to the system can be calculated. The heavier mud is then circulated in through the kill line and the lighter mud and influx is circulated out through the choke line. Once overbalance is restored, the BOP can be opened again and drilling operations continue. 

Most of the thiazoles studied absorb in the ultraviolet above 254 nm, and the best detection for these compounds is an ultraviolet lamp (with plates containing a fluorescent indicator). Other indicator systems also exist, among which 5% phosphomolybdic acid in ethanol, diazotized sulfanilic acid or Pauly s reagent (Dragendorff s reagent for arylthiazoles), sulfuric anisaldehyde, and vanillin sulfuric acid followed by Dragendorff s reagent develop alkylthiazoles. Iodine vapor is also a useful wide-spectrum indicator. 

One stereoisomer of 1 1 3 5 tetramethylcyclohexane is 15 kj/mol (3 7 kcal/mol) less stable than the other Indicate which isomer is the less stable and identify the reason for its decreased stability... 

The utility of acid-base titrimetry improved when NaOH was first introduced as a strong base titrant in 1846. In addition, progress in synthesizing organic dyes led to the development of many new indicators. Phenolphthalein was first synthesized by Bayer in 1871 and used as a visual indicator for acid-base titrations in 1877. Other indicators, such as methyl orange, soon followed. Despite the increasing availability of indicators, the absence of a theory of acid-base reactivity made selecting a proper indicator difficult. 

The pH range of an indicator does not have to be equally distributed on either side of the indicator s piQ. For some indicators only the weak acid or weak base is colored. For other indicators both the weak acid and weak base are colored, but one form may be easier to see. In either case, the pH range is skewed toward those pH levels for which the less colored form of the indicator is present in higher concentration. 

Most hormonal agents are used for other indications. It is not possible to estimate usage for antitumor purposes. 

Novel steroids which contain an isoxazole fused ring within the structure have biological activity which is primarily contraceptive (74MI41604, 79MI41607, 79USP4160027) and a variety of other indications (75USP3869467, 75ZOB2090). 

Provide automatic/manual response to level or other indication of abnormal quantity of vessel contents... 

First, the structure should explain the data. Apart from the energy or target function value returned by the refinement program, this check can be performed with some independent programs (e.g., AQUA/PROCHECK-NMR [90], MOLMOL [91]). The analysis of the deviations from the restraints used in calculating the structures is very useful in the process of assigning the NOE peaks and refining the restraint list. As indicators of the quality of the final structure they are less powerful, because violations have been checked and probably removed. A recent statistical survey of the quality of NMR structures found weak correlations between deviations from NMR restraints and other indicators of structure quality [88]. 

Infusion Boiling water (150 250 ml) is poured over the prescribed amount of drug in a heat-resistant glass or porcelain vessel, which is then covered if necessary, the contents are stirred occasionally. If no other indication is given, the contents arc strained after 5 -10 min. This method can be used for most leaves, flowers, and herbs and also for many correspondingly comminuted barks and roots. 

Flooding across a column section reflects itself in an increase in pressure drop and a decrease in temperature difference across the affected section. Product quality is also impaired, but it is hoped that the other indicators will allow correction of the situation before major change in product quality. When a column floods, the levels in the accumulator and bottom often change. It can occur that the accumulator fills with liquid carried over while the reboiler runs dry. 

Examples include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid. These are strong acids which are almost completely dissociated in water. Weak acids, such as hydrogen sulphide, are poorly dissociated producing low concentrations of hydrogen ions. Acids tend to be coiTosive with a sharp, sour taste and turn litmus paper red they give distinctive colour changes with other indicators. Acids dissolve metals such as copper and liberate hydrogen gas. They also react with carbonates to liberate carbon dioxide ... 

Other indications of the template effect have been offered as well. Fenton, Cook and Nowell reported that the condensation of pyridine-2,6-dicarbaldehyde with 1,11-diamino-3,6,9-trioxaundecane in 1 1 molar ratio in butanol leads only to resinous gums . In the presence of equimolar amounts of Pb(SCN)2, the macrocycle illustrated in Eq. (2.5) was obtained in good yield . 

For ideal displacement ventilation, e. Values for the other indices depend on the location of the zone in question. 

Steel rules, tapes, and other indicators of length should be checked periodically for wear and damage and although accuracy of greater than 1mm is not normally expected, the loss of material from the end of a rule may result in inaccuracies that affect product quality. 

The condition of the product prior to servicing and any running time, mileage, or other indication of life expired... 

Small leaks from the glands of a carbon monoxide compressor were collected by a fan and discharged outside the building. A man working near the compressor was affected by carbon monoxide. Itwas then found that a damper in the fan delivery line was shut. There was no label or other indication to show whether the damper was closed or open. In a similar incident, a furnace damper was closed in error. It was operated pneumatically, and again there was no indication on the control knob to show which were the open and closed positions. 

For the preparation of 2,3-dihydroindoles (8) from indoles (7), two reduction methods are known. In the column Reduction Method in the table, the one indicated A represents use of EtsSiH in TFA (79JOC4809) and the other, indicated B, employs NaBHsCN in AcOH (77S859, 88JMC1746). Although both methods are applicable, the former is generally superior to the latter. In some cases, depending on the substrates structures, the reverse cases are also observed. Examples are the reactions marked B in the column. 

Electric motors are susceptible to a variety of forcing functions that cause instability or imbalance. The narrow-bands established to monitor the fundamental and other harmonics of actual running speed are useful in identifying mechanical imbalance, but other indices also should be used. 

One-shot metered lubrication is eminently suited to oiling systems and can be employed either in an all-loss arrangement or as part of a circulatory system. Sight-glasses or other indicators should be incorporated since such lubricating mechanisms are nowadays so reliable that a blockage or other failure might not be suspected until too late. 

A number of indices relate metal activity to hydrogen and coke production. (These indices predate the use of metal passivation in the FCC process but are still reliable). The most commonly used index is 4 X Nickel + Vanadium. This indicates that nickel is four times as actiw as vanadium in producing hydrogen. Other indices [9] used are ... 

It is essential that all major maintenance work and findings are recorded in the plant running log as a guide to the reliability of components, the need for cleaning, and other indicators to future work. 

When two indicators are studied at high concentration, we cannot expect to obtain two parallel straight lines, like those of Fig. 67. If, however, a curve is obtained for one indicator, we may hope that the experimental points for the other indicator will lie on a curve which is the same except that it is displaced vertically with respect to the other by an amount equal to (Jm — Jn), the difference between the binding energies. Some experimental results are shown in Fig. 68 where the... 

Generic name Chemical structure Mode of administration Principal indication Other indications... 

Also several other indices, esp. Ryznar Index are now used. 

The device is removed for the following reasons pelvic infection, endometritis, genital actinomycosis (a non contagious bacterial infection), intradable pelvic pain, pregnancy, endometrial or cervical malignancy, increase in length of the threads extending from the cervix or any other indication of partial expulsion. 

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