Band narrowing

Other types of transformers include instrument, radio-frequency, wide-band, narrow-band, and electronic transformers. Each of these transformers operates similarly and is used in specific applications best suited for the transformer s design characteristics. 

However, no fingerprint such as a final state multiplet structure, as expected for fully localized 5 f electron and found in Am metal, is observed. The localization of 5 f-states is only weak (band-narrowing and widthdrawal from hybridization) in 6-Pu. This in fact is also consistent with the absence of a magnetic moment formation in 6-Pu (rather, a spin-fluctuation regime is observed ). 

In the transition series the bands narrow and lower along any given series,... 

A much smaller value of cja for (V0.96Cr0 04)2O3 is observed and suggests that at the temperature of the transition the bands are already well mixed, and not much entropy is to be gained by mixing them further. This may be one reason, quite distinct from band-narrowing, why Cr stabilizes the insulating phase. 

FIGURE 5-31 Structure of skeletal muscle, (a) Muscle fibers consist of single, elongated, multinucleated cells that arise from the fusion of many precursor cells. Within the fibers are many myofibrils (only six are shown here for simplicity) surrounded by the membranous sarcoplasmic reticulum. The organization of thick and thin filaments in the myofibril gives it a striated appearance. When muscle contracts, the I bands narrow and the Z disks come closer together, as seen in electron micrographs of (b) relaxed and (c) contracted muscle. 

Once that the enhancement of the anisotropy due to the nanometric dimensions of the particle has been proven in our samples beyond doubt, the pertinent question is whether we can find the physical origin of this enhancement. A number of possible mechanisms can give rise to this strong variation in anisotropy size effects due to the increasing ratio of surface to bulk atoms, electronic confinement within the cluster leading to 3d band narrowing, surface oxidation, stress induced anisotropy, or even shape anisotropy due to a departure of sphericity. The two latter ones can be readily disregarded. The interatomic Co distance is estimated from the analysis of EXAFS spectra of these clusters. They are shorter than the bulk fee Co and comparable to that found for free Co clusters [11,12], Therefore... 

Spectral band profile Overtone/combination bands, broad (nonspecific) Fundamental band, narrow (high specificity) Fundamental bands, narrow (high specificity)... 

Finally, Fig. 58 e may illustrate intra-3 d-band fluctuation and decay of a 3 d-valence hole in metallic Ni. This process is probably one of the essential elements in the description of the valence band photoelectron spectrum which seems to show 3 d-band narrowing, decreased splitting of the majority and minority spin bands and a pronounced shake-up structure about 6 eV below the Fermi level (see e.g.143 175) and references therein, and also Sect. 8.3.4). 

However, if the polymer film at 250 K is cooled rapidly to 245 K, no band at 339 is observed. Instead, as seen from Figure 4c, the absorption band narrows, becomes symmetrical and shifts to higher energy. The new narrow absorption band at 316 nm is assigned to the well-known, all-D conformation, represented in the 7/3 helical arrangement of polysilanes like ( -Bu2Si)n. Next, additional slow cooling to 240 K led to the formation... 

Solid-Phase Microextraction. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), used as a sample introduction technique for high speed gc, utilizes small-diameter fused-silica fibers coated with polymeric stationary phase for sample extraction and concentration (33). The trapped analyte can be liberated by thermal desorption. By using a specially designed dedicated injector, the desorption process can be shortened to a fraction of a second, producing an injection band narrow enough for high speed gc. A modified system has been investigated for the analysis of volatile compounds listed in EPA Method 624. Separation of all 28 compounds by ion trap mass spectrometric detector is achieved in less than 150 seconds. 

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