Pelvic infection

Cefuroxime (35) is effective against community-acquired pneumonia in which ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influence is the probable etiologic agent. Cefoxitin (23) is used to treat mixed aerobic—anaerobic infections including pelvic infections, intra-abdorninal infections, and nosocomial aspiration pneumonia. Cefonicid (31), because of its long half-life has been used in a once-a-day regimen to treat a variety of mild to moderate infections including community-acquired pneumonias, urinary tract infections, and infections of the skin and soft tissue (132,215). 

The device is removed for the following reasons pelvic infection, endometritis, genital actinomycosis (a non contagious bacterial infection), intradable pelvic pain, pregnancy, endometrial or cervical malignancy, increase in length of the threads extending from the cervix or any other indication of partial expulsion. 

The most significant mechanism for primary dysmenorrhea is the release of prostaglandins in the menstrual fluid and possibly vasopressin-mediated vasoconstriction.5,17 Causes of secondary dysmenorrhea may include cervical stenosis, endometriosis, pelvic infections, pelvic congestion syndrome, uterine or cervical polyps, and uterine fibroids.20... 

Increasing the coverage of antimicrobial therapy is generally necessary in mixed infections where multiple organisms are likely to be present, such as intraabdominal and female pelvic infections in which a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria may produce disease. Another clinical situation in which increased spectrum of activity is desirable is with nosocomial infection. 

Septic shock 1) shock associated with sepsis, usually associated with abdominal and pelvic infection complicating trauma or operations 2) shock associated with septicemia caused by Gram-negative bacteria. 

Acute pelvic infections, including post-partum endomyometritis, septic abortion, and postsurgical gynecologic infections... 

Cefotetan, cefoxitin Intravenous, second-generation drugs, activity versus Bacteroides fragilis allows for use in abdominal/pelvic infections... 

Crotalaria mucromta Desv. Zhu Shi Tou (Rattlebox) (whole plant) Mucronatine, mucronatinine, retroresine, usaramine, nilgirine, vitexin, vitrexin-4-O-xyloside, apigenin.33 Treat frequent urination in children, edema, chronic diarrhea, pelvic infections. 

Ertapenem. Ertapenem (Invanz) is another car-bapenam antibacterial agent that is similar to mero-penem (see below).11 Ertapenem is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and is often used to treat intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, as well as infections in the skin, urinary tract, and respiratory tract. Side effects include chest pain, gastrointestinal problems (nausea, diarrhea), headache, and fever. 

Treatment of sepsis to which anaerobic organisms, e.g. Bacteroides spp. and anaerobic cocci, are contributing, notably postsurgical infection, intra-abdominal infection and septicaemia, but also woimd and pelvic infection, osteomyelitis and abscesses of brain or lung... 

Toivonen J, Luukkainen T, Allonen H. Protective effect of intrauterine release of levonorgestrel on pelvic infection three years comparative experience of levonorgestrel- and copper-releasing intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol 1991 77(2) 261. ... 

Vaginal discharge No discharge Discharge (may indicate pelvic infection)... 

Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID) acute pelvic infection occurs when infection occurs in the fallopian tube. Pain is severe and accompanied by fever and discharge. Chronic PID can follow from an acute infection, causing less severe pain associated with menstruation. Sexual intercourse may be painful. 

Metronidazole has been shown to be of great value in the management of anaerobic bacterial infections [20,27,75,76]. The role of this drug in the prophylaxis and treatment of various anaerobic bacterial infections, which may develop following appendectomy, elective colonic surgery, colo-rectal surgery and hysterectomy [20,77,78]. Mebendazole is equally useful in cases of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, lung abscess, empyema, peritonitis, septicemia and pelvic infections [79]. 

History of PID or ectopic pregnancy, acute pelvic infection... 

Intra-abdominal infection— For intra-abdominal or pelvic infections likely to involve anaerobes, treatment should include either ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sui-bactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, mero-... 

Cefmetazole, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic (1 to 8 g IV total dose divided q. 6 to 12 hours), is indicated in the treatment of serious respiratory, urinary, skin and soft-tissue, abdominal, and pelvic infections caused by susceptible organisms. It is also used as surgical prophylaxis. 

Ertapenem is a carbapenem that inhibits cell wall synthesis. It is indicated in the treatment of moderate to severe complicated intra-abdominal infections, complicated skin and skin structure infections, community-acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) (including pyelonephritis), and acute pelvic infections (including postpartum endomyometritis, septic abortion. 

The differential diagnosis of pelvic pain is wide and includes ovarian vein varices, pelvic infection and endometriosis. Untreated pelvic infections are an absolute contraindication to UAE. They are a known cause of a hydrosalpinx a collection of fluid in the fallopian tube and a recognized cause of infertility. This diagnosis is best established on hystero-salpingography. 

Pelvic infection is a serious complication of HSG, causing tubal damage. In a private practice setting, the overall incidence of post-HSG pelvic infection was 1.4%, occurring predominantly in women with dilated tubes [9j. For this reason, if dilated tubes are noted during the HSG procedure, particularly if there is a dilated tube with free spill, prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline 200 mg orally) should be given before the patient leaves the department and a prescription for 5 days should be given to the patient. 

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to an acute infection of the upper genital tract in women in the reproductive age, involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Per definition, PID should be distinguished from pelvic infections caused by medical procedures, pregnancy, and other primary abdominal processes. PID usually results from sexually transmitted ascending infections typically by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis, although 30%-40% of cases are polymicrobial. Actinomyces and tuberculosis account for rare causes of PID and may cause tubo-... 

Enterococci are responsible for urinary tract, wound, intra abdominal, and pelvic infections (Barsby et al., 2001). The increase of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) as important agents of nosocomial infections is cause of great concern (Perl, 1999). It is thought that a selective pressure favoring the survival and spread of VRE was the consequence of the use of... 

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