Equal distribution

FIGURE 19 4 Electro static potential maps of (a) acetic acid and (b) acetate ion The negative charge (red) IS equally distributed between both oxygens of acetate ion The color range IS different for (a) and (b)... 

The pH range of an indicator does not have to be equally distributed on either side of the indicator s piQ. For some indicators only the weak acid or weak base is colored. For other indicators both the weak acid and weak base are colored, but one form may be easier to see. In either case, the pH range is skewed toward those pH levels for which the less colored form of the indicator is present in higher concentration. 

The following considerations are based on the assumption that the part of coating that is free from holidays acts as an insulator. Two limiting cases are considered a single circular defect and an almost porous coating with numerous small and equally distributed defects. 

The life of the magnesium anodes with a current content of about 1.2 A a for 10 mA according to Table 6-4 was calculated from Eq. (6-9) as 120 years. This assumes that the protection current is equally distributed over both anodes. The calculated life would certainly not be reached because uniform anode current distribution cannot be achieved over a long period of time. It would, however, be substantially longer than the minimum required life of 25 years. For this length... 

Strainers may be of the type with an end that continues under the filter bottom. These do promote the formation of an air space for backwashing with air. If this air space is not formed, it can be replaced by a system of pipes that provide for an equal distribution of the washing fluids. 

Generally the airflow rate per cross-sectional area of openings or the influx velocity in the opening (equal distribution across the whole area assumed)... 

MD runs for polymers typically exceed the stability Umits of a micro-canonical simulation, so using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem one can define a canonical ensemble and stabilize the runs. For the noise term one can use equally distributed random numbers which have the mean value and the second moment required by Eq. (13). In most cases the equations of motion are then solved using a third- or fifth-order predictor-corrector or Verlet s algorithms. 

All of the carbon atoms in buckminster-fullerene are equivalent and are sp -hybridized each one simultaneously belongs to one five-membered ring and two benzene-like six-membered rings. The strain caused by distortion of the rings from coplanarity is equally distributed among all of the carbons. 

In all our conjugated polymer samples R is less than 0.1 and AR/R< I0-6 [7J. Because AT/T is typically in the range of I0-1I0 5, the second term in (3) can be neglected. This relation holds only in the small signal limit (A thin films, where the pump light is absorbed uniformly, creating an equal distribution of Aa across the film. 

Synthesis of this compound from a 15N labelled source revealed that the i4N and 15N were equally distributed between the apical bent nitrosyl (NO-) and equatorial linear nitrosyl (NO+) ... 

Mol et al. (61) analyzed the products formed in the heterogeneously catalyzed metathesis of propene labeled with 14C. With propene labeled in the 2-position there will be, in the case of a transalkylation reaction, an equal distribution of the radioactivity over the products ... 

The first observations relevant to the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction were those of Wright714, who found that in the reaction of bis-ciV-2-methoxy-cyclohexylmercury with mercuric chloride, only the cis product was obtained, and of Winstein et a/.715, who found that in the reaction of ciy-2-methoxycyclo-hexylneophylmercury with mercuric (203Hg) chloride, the label became almost equally distributed in both reaction products. 

Recall the splitting of the d orbitals in octahedral environments. The energies of the t2g and g subsets are shown in Fig. 8-4 with respect to their mean energy. We have used the conventional barycentre formalism. In effect, we express the energy of an electron in the t2g or orbitals with respect to the total energy possessed by a set of five electrons equally distributed amongst the five d functions. Alternatively, we say that our reference energy is that of 2l d electron within the equivalent spherical mean field. 

Solvolysis of the deuterium-labeled precursor, 54, indicates that the intermediate ion 51 arises from a symmetrical precursor, as the product ketone 55 has an equal distribution of deuterium in the 3 and 4 positions. 

This implies that Br2 is the electrophile. But how does Br2 function as an electrophile The bond between the two bromine atoms is a covalent bond, and we therefore expect the electron density to be equally distributed over both Br atoms. However, an interesting thing happens when a Br2 molecule approaches an alkene. The electron density of the pi bond repels the electron density in the Br2 molecule, creating a temporary dipole moment in Br2. 

Cells containing Hb-F are densely stained with erythrosln and cells with Hb-A appear as ghost cells Intermediate cells are stained more or less pink. Reticulocytes with Hb-A sometimes resemble Intermediate cells and may also show some Intracellular granulation. Inclusion bodies are visible In eluted cells as compact particles of differing sizes. Figure 10 gives some examples. The method Is Ideally suited to demonstrate the presence of newborn red cells In the maternal circulation. The method Is also widely used for the evaluation of the distribution of Hb-F within red cells mainly to differentiate between the HPFH condition and the 3 or 36 thalassemias. Evaluation of F cell smears In such cases Is difficult the term "equal distribution" usually Indicates the presence of Hb-F In each red cell but not necessarily In the same amount. 

The major area (approximately 60%) of the potential exposure of the applicators was located on the legs, whereas 50% of the potential exposure of the harvesters was equally distributed to the hands and torso. Total body exposure differed significantly between workers. 

Figure 4.3 The most probable arrangement of the electrons in the valence shell of fluorine in the HF molecule. Only one localized pair is formed with the other electrons equally distributed in a ring behind the... 

Figure 8. Pauli principle for a diatomic molecule (e.g., HF). In any diatomic molecule, the two tetrahedra (Figs. 7a and 7b) of opposite spin electrons in the valence shell of an atom are brought into coincidence at only one apex, leaving the most probable locations of the remaining six electrons equally distributed in a ring.

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