Salts Organic

Zinc stearate has been demonstrated to reduce the melt fracture in poly(ester)s (9). Zinc salts may be mixed with the poly(ester) in a wide range of melt processing equipment such as Banbury mixers or extruders. Either single screw or twin screw extruders may be used. 

A preferred process of adding the zinc salt to the poly(ester) is to make a masterbatch of the zinc salt of an organic acid in a polymer base material such as a poly(ester) or a poly(olefin). Suitable poly(olefin)s include poly(propylene) and LLDPE, or HOPE. The masterbatch is mixed in the course of the extrusion operation into the desired poly (ester). The concentration of zinc salt in the master-batch may range from 5-30%. 

Chisholm, T. Tikuisis, S.K. Goyal, D. Checknita, and N.K.K. Bohnet, Melt fracture reduction, US Patent 5 854 352, assigned to Nova Chemical Ltd. (Calgary, CA), December 29,1998. 

May and B. Zimmermann, Titanium dioxide-containing polymers and films with reduced melt fracture, US Patent 7338995, assigned to E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (Wilmington, DE), March 4, 2008. 

Method and apparatus producing decorative melt fracture patterns on polymeric products, US Patent 4 615 858, assigned to Mobil Oil Corporation (New York, NY), October 7,1986. 

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The cobalt catalyst can be introduced into the reactor in any convenient form, such as the hydrocarbon-soluble cobalt naphthenate [61789-51 -3] as it is converted in the reaction to dicobalt octacarbonyl [15226-74-17, Co2(CO)g, the precursor to cobalt hydrocarbonyl [16842-03-8] HCo(CO)4, the active catalyst species. Some of the methods used to recover cobalt values for reuse are (11) conversion to an inorganic salt soluble ia water conversion to an organic salt soluble ia water or an organic solvent treatment with aqueous acid or alkah to recover part or all of the HCo(CO)4 ia the aqueous phase and conversion to metallic cobalt by thermal or chemical means. 

Two types of magnesia, caustic-calcined and periclase (a refractory material), are derived from dolomitic lime. Lime is required in refining food-grade salt, citric acid, propjiene and ethylene oxides, and ethylene glycol, precipitated calcium carbonate, and organic salts, such as calcium stearate, lactate, caseinate. 

Properties of zinc salts of inorganic and organic salts are Hsted in Table 1 with other commercially important zinc chemicals. In the dithiocarbamates, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and formaldehyde sulfoxylate, zinc is covalendy bound to sulfur. In compounds such as the oxide, borate, and sihcate, the covalent bonds with oxygen are very stable. Zinc—carbon bonds occur in diorganozinc compounds, eg, diethjizinc [557-20-0]. Such compounds were much used in organic synthesis prior to the development of the more convenient Grignard route (see Grignard reactions). 

Although much weaker than the parent compound isocyanic acid (pK = 3.7), CA is sufftciendy acidic to form salts. Many inorganic and organic salts of CA have been reported (11). Lead and 2iuc cyanurates are usehil as corrosion inhibitors (20). The 1 1 adduct, melamine cyanurate [37640-57-6] has achieved commercial importance. 

The second catalyst paste of the two-paste product is a curing agent. A wide variety of materials convert the Hquid polysulfide polymers to elastomeric products. Alkalies, sulfur, metallic oxides, metallic peroxides, organic peroxides, and many metal—organic salts, ie, paint driers, are all potential curing agents. 

Organic salts (e.g. trimethylammonium benzoate) are usually purified by recrystallisation from polar solvents (e.g. water, ethanol or dimethyl formamide). If the salt is too soluble in a polar solvent, its concentrated solution should be treated dropwise with a miscible nonpolar, or less polar, solvent (see Table 8, Chapter 1) until crystallisation begins. 

In place of the hydrochlorides of the abovedescribed bases any other acid salt thereof can be used. Including both inorganic and organic salts such as phosphoric, sulfuric, and acetic acids. Also, in place of the mentioned penicillin, any of the other common salts of penicillin can be used as a source of penicillin acid. 

It should be emphasized that ionic liquids are simply organic salts that happen to have the characteristic of a low melting point. Many ionic liquids have been widely investigated with regard to applications other than as liquid materials as electrolytes, phase-transfer reagents [12], surfactants [13], and fungicides and biocides [14, 15], for example. 

The most common measure of polarity used by chemists in general is that of dielectric constant. It has been measured for most molecular liquids and is widely available in reference texts. However, direct measurement, which requires a nonconducting medium, is not available for ionic liquids. Other methods to determine the polarities of ionic liquids have been used and are the subject of this chapter. However, these are early days and little has been reported on ionic liquids themselves. I have therefore included the literature on higher melting point organic salts, which has proven to be very informative. 

A paint rarely consists solely of pigment dispersed in a solution of a binder. For one reason or another, small quantities of ancillary materials called additives are included. The oldest and still the most important are the driers which are used in all air-drying and many stoving paints containing drying oils. They are organic salts of certain metals, notably cobalt, calcium, barium, zirconium and manganese, with lead very much in decline. 

Appreciable amounts of organic salts dissolve during the extraction of the sugar and interfere seriously with the crystallization of the latter. Most of the salts are precipitated by addition of 95 per cent ethyl alcohol, leaving the sugar in solution. 

Bi Bi on carbon, organic salt Various alcohols Unsaturated 68,174,... 

High-ortho novolacs (Fig. 7.8) are sometimes more desirable since they cure more rapidly with HMTA. A number of oxides, hydroxides, or organic salts of electropositive metals increase the reactivity of the ortho position during... 

Ester An organic salt that yields an acid and a base when hydrolyzed. 

Dehydration-Halogenation-Activation and Silylation of Inorganic and Organic Salts and Metallorganic Compounds... 

I 73 Dehydration-Halogenation-Activation and Silylation of Inorganic and Organic Salts Bu NF ------------------------------------------ +Me3SiF7lf... 

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