Salts organic acid

MetaUic ions are precipitated as their hydroxides from aqueous caustic solutions. The reactions of importance in chlor—alkali operations are removal of magnesium as Mg(OH)2 during primary purification and of other impurities for pollution control. Organic acids react with NaOH to form soluble salts. Saponification of esters to form the organic acid salt and an alcohol and internal coupling reactions involve NaOH, as exemplified by reaction with triglycerides to form soap and glycerol,... 

Organic Acid Salts. Slightly soluble or insoluble silver salts are precipitated when mono- and dicarboxylic aliphatic acids or their anions are... 

Corrosion Resistance. Zirconium is resistant to corrosion by water and steam, mineral acids, strong alkaUes, organic acids, salt solutions, and molten salts (28) (see also Corrosion and corrosion control). This property is attributed to the presence of a dense adherent oxide film which forms at ambient temperatures. Any break in the film reforms instantly and spontaneously in most environments. 

Short-chain and low molecular weight organic acids, such as acetic acid and formic acid, can be formed by certain bacteria. The resulting organic acid salts are not easily detected without specialized analytical equipment in a laboratory. 

The organic acid salts, such as EDTA and heptonate, are included for water softening properties, and to assist in the removal of solid particles. Gluconate and heptonate, in particular, are effective in the highly alkaline solutions used for etching aluminium and prevent the precipitation of aluminium hydroxide scale and sludge. 

It is appropriate to refer here to the development of non-suppressed ion chromatography. A simple chromatographic system for anions which uses a conductivity detector but requires no suppressor column has been described by Fritz and co-workers.28 The anions are separated on a column of macroporous anion exchange resin which has a very low capacity, so that only a very dilute solution (ca 10 4M) of an aromatic organic acid salt (e.g. sodium phthalate) is required as the eluant. The low conductance of the eluant eliminates the need for a suppressor column and the separated anions can be detected by electrical conductance. In general, however, non-suppressed ion chromatography is an order of magnitude less sensitive than the suppressed mode. 

Boron zirconimn chelates from ammonium hydroxide water-soluble amines sodium or potassimn zirconium and organic acid salts such as lactates, citrates, tartrates, glycolates, malates, gluconates, glycerates, and mandelates with polyols such as glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, inositol, monosaccharides, and disaccharides [463,464,1592,1593]... 

Determination of Oxalate and Other Organic Acid Salts... 

Ziegler-type catalysts obtained from an organic acid salt or acetylacetone salt of nickel, cobalt, iron, or chromium which reacts with a reducing agent such as an organic aluminum compound. 

The stabilizer may consist of carboxylic acids and phosphorus-containing organic acid salts such as hexametaphosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. The mechanism of action of the stabilizer admixture is thought to be related to the inhibition of CSH and CH nucleation. It is claimed that the nucleation process is controlled more comprehensively than that obtained with conventional retarders [10], Cement hydration is arrested by the admixture acting on all phases of cement hydration including the C3A fraction. The claim is... 

The course of elemental fluorination reactions with various organic acid salts depends on the reaction conditions. The gas-solid fluorination reaction of sodium trifluoroacetate gives up to four products, whose distribution depends on the temperature of the column containing the sodium salt 1 no trifluoroacctyl hypofluoritc is formed. 

A. Separation from Peptides of Sugars, Organic Acids, Salts, Etc. 

Polymers, organic and inorganic molecular clusters are synonymously called macromolecules to distinguish them from the smaller sizes of organic acids, salts, ethanol, etc. (micromolecules). Properties unique to organic macromolecules begin to be manifest at M = 103-106 Da (Billmeyer, 1984 Sperling, 1986). 

The compounds active on both vertebrate and invertebrate taste systems constitute a select group of low molecular weight compounds. The compounds include organic acids, salts, nucleotides, amino acids and a variety of secondary compounds, notably alkaloids but also others, including here furaneol and ethyl and methyl maltol. Just why certain of these compounds are active on taste systems is often a moot point. The significance of none of the acid systems, for instance, is obvious from an ecological standpoint, nor is it apparent why certain acids are so potent. It is also not clear why the two amino acid systems are so distinct, nor why proline and cysteine should assume such a large role in the carnivore taste system. 

Feed concentration in organic acid salt greater than 1 equiv/L this specification allows a reduction of the membrane area required for the conversion because the current density can remain high enough during most of the conversion. This leads to a decrease of both the investment and operating costs. 

Typical stationary phases include the following polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated silica sorbents, monodisperse non-porous silica columns with surface bound amides or ethers and composite agarose and polyacrylamide gels. The eluent normally consists of salts at concentrations greater than 1.0 M. Typical salts include sodium phosphate, sodium sulfate and ammonium sulfate, and organic acid salts like monosodium glutamate. Protein retention is stronger with salts that increase surface tension like phosphates, sulfates, citrates, which are solvated in water than with salts such as perchlorates and thiocyanates and the like. 

Product recovety is some combination of rote methods of using processing tools and inspired application of new and conventional separation tools. For example, if aldehydes make distillation infeasible because of polymerization products and/or vacuum distillation costs, then one can consider utilizing the Cannizzaro reaction to make organic acid salts and ketones from the aldehydes before proceeding. Many bench-scale processing techniques such as thin-film evaporation have been scaled up to handle larger quantities of temperature sensitive materials. Assistance in utilization of these techniques can usually be obtained from the equipment vendors. 

Juneja, V.K. and Thippareddi, H. 2004. Inhibitory effects of organic acid salts on growth of Clostridium perfringens from spore inocula during chilling of marinated ground turkey breast. International Journal of Food Microbiology 93 155-163. 

It is not realistically possible to make general statements regarding the antimicrobial activity of organic acid salts and spice combinations. Such combinations should each be evaluated separately to determine the appropriate level of organic acid salt to effectively control the growth of C. per-fringens (Sabah, Juneja, and Fung, 2004). 

Miller, A.J., Call, J.E., and Whiting, R.C. 1993. Comparison of organic acid salts for Clostridium botulinum control in an uncured turkey product. Journal of Food Protection 56 958-962. 

To demonstrate the organic acid activities at various pH values, a study done on the salts calcium propionate, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate is herewith discussed. These salts were found to be effective and to inhibit some isolates from bakery products at pH 4.5 when applied at concentration of 0.3%. In a sponge cake (an analogue of pH 6) addition of these same weak organic acids salts appeared to be effective only at low aw levels (Guynot et al., 2005). 

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