Optimists

A lively and optimistic survey of a new breed of businessmen who are breaking away from huge companies to form dynamic enterprises in microelectronics, biotechnology and other developing areas. 

Thus the entropy of localized adsorption can range widely, depending on whether the site is viewed as equivalent to a strong adsorption bond of negligible entropy or as a potential box plus a weak bond (see Ref. 12). In addition, estimates of AS ds should include possible surface vibrational contributions in the case of mobile adsorption, and all calculations are faced with possible contributions from a loss in rotational entropy on adsorption as well as from change in the adsorbent structure following adsorption (see Section XVI-4B). These uncertainties make it virtually impossible to affirm what the state of an adsorbed film is from entropy measurements alone for this, additional independent information about surface mobility and vibrational surface states is needed. (However, see Ref. 15 for a somewhat more optimistic conclusion.)... 

Plenary 18. Robin J FI Clark, e-mail address r.i.h.clark ucl.ac.uk (RS). Reports on recent diagnostic probing of art works ranging from illuminated manuscripts, paintings and pottery to papyri and icons. Nondestructive NIR microscopic RS is now realistic using CCD detection. Optimistic about new developments. 

Market researchers doing sales analysis usually have an excellent record of accuracy over the short term. This is a result of good data, good judgment, and the easier predictabiUty of events a year ahead rather than three or five years ahead. In the case of a completely new product, the first year or two can be difficult and the analyst either too optimistic or too conservative. 

Gas turbine-based power plants, particularly natural gas-fired cogeneration and combined-cycle faciUties, have proven to be highly rehable, efficient, and environmentally attractive. Advances in machine design, more efficient plant integration, and optimistic forecasts for the availabiUty of affordable natural gas worldwide have boosted the appeal of these systems for both base-load and peaking service. 

Anthraquinone dyes have been produced for many decades and have covered a wide range of dye classes. In spite of the complexity of production and relatively high costs, they have played an important role in the areas where excellent properties ate requited, because they have excellent lightfastness and leveling properties with brUhant shades that ate not attainable with other chtomophotes. However, recent increases in environmental costs have become a serious problem, and future prospects for the anthraquinone dye industry ate not optimistic. Some traditional manufacturers have stopped the production of a certain dye class or dye intermediates that were especially burdened by environmental costs, eg, vat dyes and their intermediates derived from anthraquinone-l-sulfonic acid and 1,5-disulfonic acid. However, several manufacturers have succeeded in process improvement and continue production, even expanding their capacity. In the forthcoming century the woddwide framework of production will change drastically. 

Use of diaziridines in synthesis is assumed to be especially attractive for synthesis of substituted hydrazines large scale production of the parent compound, however, was not undertaken after an optimistic development (Section 5.08.3.2.2). 

This value is much more optimistic, as you would assume, because the reliability is the probability of both stress and strength being interfering, not just the strength being equal to a maximum value. 

PTC 10 has one correlation that has been found to be incorrect. Equation 5.27-1 will permit a Reynolds number correction for high Reynolds number gas (above 10 ), which is much too optimistic. ISO standards allowed no corrections, which is more nearly coirect. 

This section was written for the fourth edition published in 1982 at a time when there had just been a further sharp increase in the price of petroleum. At the time I was optimistic about the future for plastics, although I did not anticipate the slump in oil prices that has taken place since then. Oil remains a finite resource and sooner or later prices wilt rise again. Apart from changing one word and inserting one other for technical reasons, I see no reason to otherwise change what I wrote then. 

Baskes (1999) has discussed the status role of this kind of modelling and simulation, citing many very recent studies. He concludes that modelling and simulation of materials at the atomistic, microstructural and continuum levels continue to show progress, but prediction of mechanical properties of engineering materials is still a vision of the future . Simulation cannot (yet) do everything, in spite of the optimistic claims of some of its proponents. 

It is a common procedure to assume certain conditions for the chromatographic system and operating conditions and, as a result, simplify equations (20) and (21). However, in many cases the assumptions can easily be over-optimistic, to say the least. It is necessary, therefore, to carefully consider the conditions that may allow such simplifying procedures and take steps to ensure that such conditions are carefully met when such expressions are used in practice. Now, the relative magnitudes of the resistance to mass transfer terms will vary with the type of columns (packed or capillary), the type of chromatography (GC or LC) and the type of particle, i.e., porous or microporous (diatomaceous support or silica gel). 

Decisions affecting the future direction of the organization and its products and services are made from information gleaned through market research. Should this information be grossly inaccurate, over optimistic or pessimistic the result may well be the loss of many customers to the competition. It is therefore vital that objective data is used to make these decisions. The data can be primary data (data collected for the first time during a market research study) or secondary data (previously collected data). However, you need to be cautious with secondary data, as it could be obsolete or have been collected on a different basis than needed for the present study. 

Principle of Population, as pessimistic in its conclusions as the Marquis de Condorcet s work was optimistic... 

Difficulties arise when delays in obtaining bid approval occur, because time moves very quickly, and the work may not actually commence on the date stated in the bid documents. This causes problems when the contractors have carefully arranged their own work schedules. It is better not to be too optimistic regarding start and completion dates unless various stages to a contract document being signed are clear. 

To = The optimistic (shortest) time within which only 1% of similar projects are completed Tp = The pessimistic (longest) time within which 99% of similar projects are completed T. = The calculated time estimate... 

If there are no baselines established, or any guidelines upon which to improve, and allow subjective judgment to prevail, we can guarantee some unpleasant failures because those judgment determinations will range from the conservative to the optimistic. The conservative approach reduces component life arbitrarily and the optimistic approach exposes the machine to unjustifiable high risks. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the team of... 

One possible way to achieve nuclear fusion is to use magnetic fields to confine the reactant nuclei and prevent them from touching the walls of the container, where they would quickly slow down below the velocity required for fusion. Using 400-ton magnets, it is possible to sustain the reaction for a fraction of a second. To achieve a net evolution of energy, this time must be extended to about one second. A practical fusion reactor would have to produce 20 times as much energy as it consumes. Optimists predict that this goal may be reached in 50 years. 

Missing from this list is Peter McGahey, my developmental editor, who deserves special thanks. He soothed frayed nerves and lifted sagging spirits with his positive, optimistic personality. His good humor provided an extra dose of energy. It also helped to get off topic once in a while to chat about tulip bulbs in the spring and perennials in the summer Thanks, Peter. You were an oasis of calm on many days. 

Tantalum production has increased steadily and strongly since 1993. An optimistic forecast regarding the strongly increasing demand for tantalum capacitors caused excessive demand for tantalum powder in 2000, when the overproduction of capacitors led to a sharp shortage in tantalum powder. It is still difficult to predict when the electronics industry will return to balanced condition. 

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