Objective data

Use of objective data (the employer should document the use of objective data as part of their written program)... 

Decisions affecting the future direction of the organization and its products and services are made from information gleaned through market research. Should this information be grossly inaccurate, over optimistic or pessimistic the result may well be the loss of many customers to the competition. It is therefore vital that objective data is used to make these decisions. The data can be primary data (data collected for the first time during a market research study) or secondary data (previously collected data). However, you need to be cautious with secondary data, as it could be obsolete or have been collected on a different basis than needed for the present study. 

Assessment involves collecting objective and subjective data. Objective data are facts obtained by means of a physical assessment or physical examination. Subjective data are facts supplied by the patient or the patient s family. 

An ongoing assessment is one that is made at the time of each patient contact and may include the collection of objective data, subjective data, or both. The scope of an ongoing assessment depends on many factors, such as the patient s diagnosis, the severity of illness, the response to treatment, and the prescribed medical or surgical treatment. 

When a patient is to receive an adrenergic agent for shock, the nurse obtains the blood pressure, pulse rate and quality, and respiratory rate and rhythm. The nurse assesses the patient s symptoms, problems, or needs before administering the drug and records any subjective or objective data on the patient s chart. In emergencies, the nurse must make assessments quickly and accurately. This information provides an important database that is used during treatment. 

Apparently there are psychiatrist and nonpsychiatrist clinicians whose experience convinces them that MDMA can have therapeutic uses, mainly as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Despite these convictions, there appear to be no published data to support these claims. There is an urgent need for objective data from well-controlled, blinded clinical studies, if these claims of therapeutic usefulness are to be taken seriously. If a bona fide use is evident, then it may be possible to produce other drugs with the same desirable action, lacking the toxicity inherent in MDMA. 

The first step before delivering specialized nutrition support is to perform a nutritional assessment and determine nutrient requirements based on the patient s nutritional status and clinical conditions. Collect subjective and objective data to determine a patient s level of nutrition, to identify patients with malnutrition or at risk for malnutrition, and to identify risk factors that may put a patient at risk for nutrition-related problems.1 A nutrition assessment should include 1,19... 

For variant angina, reduction in symptoms and nitroglycerin consumption as documented by a patient diary can assist the interpretation of objective data obtained from ambulatory ECG recordings. Evidence of efficacy includes the reduction of ischemic events, both ST-segment depression and elevation. Additional evidence is a reduced number of attacks of angina requiring hospitalization, and the absence of MI and sudden death. 

If there are external components—software or hardware—that define objects you need to use, spin off a task to evaluate whether to use these objects exactly as defined or whether to build a layer that offers a model closer and more natural to the one you would like to use internally in your development. If a core component defines widely shared and widely used objects, you may need to design a generic architectural scheme for extensible object data and behaviors. 

The above two objectives, data examination and preparation, are the primary focus of this section. For data examination, two major techniques are presented the scattergram and Bartlett s test. Likewise, for data preparation (with the issues of rounding and outliers having been addressed in a previous chapter) two techniques are presented randomization (including a test for randomness in a sample of data) and transformation. Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is presented and briefly reviewed later. This is a broad collection of techniques and approaches to probe data, that is, to both examine and to perform some initial, flexible analysis of the data. 

E. The following notebook format should be maintained for each project undertaken 1) title and date, 2) purpose or objective statement, 3) data entries, 4) results, and 5) conclusions. Each of these are explained below. In each case, write out and underline the words title and date, objective, data, etc., to clearly identify the beginning of each section. 

It is recommended to define an own working directory when working with M on a specific project. The reason is that M optionally saves all objects (data, functions, results, etc.) in the working directory, and there could be confusion if objects from different projects are saved in the same directory. 

It is recommended to monitor the performance of the methods during real time analysis in the application labs. Indeed, the best setting for method evaluation is really during actual application to sample batches. In this way, a historical source of objective data is made available that will be the basis for future discussions on method issues between the application and the development labs. 

The development lab can benefit from valuable objective data to detect method shortcomings and to identify gaps in the method development process. The feedback on method performance should be discussed regularly. During the monitoring a number of key performance indicators are recorded and filled out in feedback sheets by the application labs (stability and operational labs) each time the method is applied. The method feedback sheet is sent together with the method description to the application labs at transfer. An example of such a feedback sheet is shown in Figure 22. 

Some clinicians contend that the combination of psychomerapy with an antidepressant is more effective than either treatment alone. Although plausible, objective data to verify mis assumption is not yet available. It is merefore recommended that patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms be treated with time-limited psychotherapy alone, while mose with severe symptoms risking medical compromise and those wim comorbid depression or OCD receive the combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication. 

The essential characteristic of a proper test set is that it represents a new drawing from the population , realized as a new, independent [X,Y] data set specifically not used in the modeling. It is evident that any A -object data set constitute but only one specific realization of an iV-tuple of individual TSE materializations. It takes a completely new ensemble of objects, the test set, to secure a second manifestation. All new measurements, for example when a PAT model is used for the purpose of automated prediction, constitute precisely such a new drawing/sampling. All new measurement situations are therefore to be likened to a test set - and this is exactly what is missing in all forms of cross-validation. 

For assessment of the potential to predict granule moisture content, a large 1032-object data set recorded dnring 5 months of urea production was used. The first 900 objects were used for calibration and the last 132 as a validation test set [2]. The data matrix was resampled to allow acoustic data to be calibrated against laboratory tests of moisture content, which were only available with a relatively low sampling rate however, plenty of results were at hand to allow a full assessment of the multivariate prediction performance for granule moisture. The validated prediction results can be seen in Figure 9.11. 

Injury to the nervous system, although often reported, is somewhat more subjective, and the reports do not appear to have been based on objective data gathered in a scientific fashion, the general malaise, apathy, depression (reviewed by Lohs4 ), loss of... 

Life-cycle inventory Objective, data-based process of quantifying energy and raw material requirements, air emissions, and all odier environmental releases incurred diroughout die life cycle of a product, process, or activity. 

Objective data include a thorough physical evaluation (including a thorough neurological exam), supplemented by laboratory data such as routine blood work, urinalysis, chest x-ray, EGG, and drug screen (see Role of the Laboratory later in this chapter). All this information is routinely collected when a person first enters the hospital on an outpatient basis, however, the clinician may select only those tests deemed appropriate at the time. 

Objective data of impairment are presented in a low-key fashion, not imposing any conclusion on the client. Objective data of impairment are presented in confrontive fashion as proof of a progressive disease and the necessity of complete abstinence. 

Processing of Subjective Data. The research instrument used in this study combined both structured and unstructured questions. Analysis of the objective data from the structured portion of the... 

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