Working range

Plenary 18. Robin J FI Clark, e-mail address r.i.h.clark ucl.ac.uk (RS). Reports on recent diagnostic probing of art works ranging from illuminated manuscripts, paintings and pottery to papyri and icons. Nondestructive NIR microscopic RS is now realistic using CCD detection. Optimistic about new developments. 

Table Bl.18.1 Overview of working ranges of various microscopic teclmiques (in pm).

Detection limit of periodate determination is 1,35 pg per sample. The color scale for visual test-determination has been constmcted in working range 5-50 pg periodate-ion per sample. 

These are employed for the measurement of power circuit currents through an ammeter, kW, kWh or KVAr and power factor meter, or similar instruments requiring a current measurement. They must have a specified accuracy class as in lEC 60044-1 and the secondary current substantially proportional to the primary within a working range of about 5-120% of its primary rated current. They... 

The thermosetting materials are said to be initially linear but are cross-linked by heating in air to a temperature of at least 345°C. It is claimed that they have a useful working range up to 315°C. The materials may be used in compression mouldings powders, as the binder resin in glass cloth laminates and as the polymer base in heat-resistant metal coatings. 

Providing that the flow rates are steady, the heat transfer coefficients do notvary and the specific heat capacities are constant throughout the working range, the average temperature difference over the length of the curve is given hy ... 

Critical temperature and triple point outside the working range... 

A high latent heat of vaporization A high density of suction gas Non-corrosive, non-toxic and non-flammable Critical temperature and triple point outside the working range Compatibility with component materials and lubricating oil Reasonable working pressures (not too high, or below atmospheric pressure)... 

It must not solidify or throw out any solids such as waxes, within the working range, or clog strainers or driers. 

The water requirement can be calculated from the average latent heat of water over the working range, which is 2425 kJ/kg. The amount of water to be evaporated is 1/2425 = 0.4 X 10 kg/ (s kW). 

Element Wavelength of main resonance line k (nm) Flame Working range (fig mL"1)... 

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