Open innovation

We need to innovate in quite different ways than we did in the past - practicing what has been termed Open Innovation . Innovative efforts must be structured differently and cannot be handled alone by DuPont s R D community. 

Once we start practicing open innovation we can find significant opportunities with an integrated science approach, drawing upon a multitude of scientific disciplines and exploring the interfaces with the chemical sciences. 

The next step in practicing open innovation with integrated science allows us to extend technology platforms into new market spaces. This requires an increased understanding and further development of the underlying technologies which help us see the opportunities in new applications and in entirely new markets. 

We realize that is critical to practice open innovation with extensive collaboration with both external and internal partners. 

Furthermore, we need to practice open innovation and integrated science to extend our technologies and products into entirely new markets and new applications. 

H. W. Chesbrough, Open Innovation - The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, Harvard Business School Boston, MA, 2003. 

Looking forward, with the entry barrier reduced in both customer requirement acquisition at the front end and product delivery at the back end, we can thus extrapolate mass customization to open customization, along with the similar concepts as open system and open innovation. Open customization, still a working definition, is a paradigm that motivates people to participate, to create, to learn, to acquire, and to recover in providing goods and services to fulfill individual needs, not only products, but also the process of producing, with fair competition. 

As the networks within the supply chain coalesce, demand, supply, and innovation networks begin to overlap. Companies learn that a customer is not just a customer and that a supplier is not just a supplier. A customer may also be a supplier and a supplier may also be a strong contributor of ideas through open innovation networks. A supplier and/or a customer may also be a provider of logistics services. 

The company s progress in supply chain excellence is multidimensional. It is a business process innovator. As the reader will see in subsequent chapters, the company pioneered techniques in open innovation, global talent development, demand-driven manufacturing, and corporate social responsibility. 

P G has also created 3 billion in sales for its Open Innovation partners. An example is Glad ForceFlex trash bags. This joint venture between... 

In summary Open design networks can speed time to market and improve the innovation of breakthrough products. By the use of the network, companies can more quickly learn and seize innovation ideas. Innovation networks often go hand-in-hand with the design of supplier networks. As these networks evolve, suppliers want to contribute great ideas and be rewarded for them. As a result, it is important for R D teams to work closely with procurement on the design of effective open innovation networks. 

It is a market with intense competition. In the period of 1997 to 2000, the company attempted to be the most efficient producer. However, TSMC quickly learned that the future success of the company was in the transition to service. As a result, the company has invested in a long lineage of service-based offerings to drive open-innovation for the customer s network positioning themselves as a partner, not a supplier or a competitor. 

Open innovation networks. The alignment of programs to drive open innovation. In these programs, snppliers are incented to share new ideas and collaborate with research and development teams to work together to accelerate innovation. 

Over time, the supplier development program transitions to focus on total cost and the building of value. This includes the design of programs to work with suppliers to accelerate open innovation, reach CSR goals, and build strategic relationships to nse assets and key relationships to penetrate new markets. It takes different forms in different supply chains. 

Carrascosa, M.C., Massaguer, O.L., and Mestres, J. (2012) PharmaTrek a semantic web explorer for open innovation in multitarget drug discovery. Mol. Inform., 31, 537-541. 

Open innovation in the food and beverage industry concepts and case studies Edited by M. Garcia Martinez... 

Keywords Concurrent engineering Collaborative engineering Early supplier involvement Collaboralive/open innovation CE system Production system... 

Later, more downstream processes became involved in CE, like service and disposal. The necessity to incorporate the customer early in the design process was also recognized in the approach called Open Innovation, in which consumers, customers, suppliers, and OEMs collaborate to identify potentially successfiil product ideas. In this way waste in terms of time and cost is reduced considerably by the upfront matching of insights of important stakeholders. 

Research and Development in large companies used to be internal in the past decades. Many R D project, however, have led to results that appeared not to be useful for the respective companies leading to waste in terms of time, money and missed market opportunities. However, some of those results, although not valuable for the company itself, turned into valuable spin-off companies [18]. To limit waste and increase the success rate of technology projects, a new business model gradually emerged from Closed Innovation (with extensive control) into Open Innovation. 

Gradually, the concept is also adopted in more traditional and mature industries like the food industry [20]. As argued by Sarkar and Costa, since the number of actors is large and no one actor alone can meet all, often contradictory, requirements of customers, consumers and legislation bodies, open innovation should be common practice. However, empirical evidence is still anecdotal to date, although the necessity and need for open innovation is gradually recognized. 

Vanhaverbeke [21] argues that the open innovation business model should be based on integration of theoretical frameworks, like value chain analysis, transaction-costs theory, rational view of the firm, and the resource-based view (RBV). In addition, governance of iimovation networks, on internal, firm and external level, needs to be studied. Networks or supply chains that will eventually produce the product need to be designed also with appropriate governance (see also Sect. 2.4). 

As an example, consider the open innovation process. It is in essence an idea generation and development process with prospective partners. It may be aimed at developing a real business case as output. Below, the steps are applied to frame an open innovation process. 

Chesbrough H (2004) Managing open innovation. R Techn Manag 47(l) 23-26 Jan-Feb... 

Dodgson M, Gann D, Salter A (2006) The role of technology in the shift towards open innovation the case of Procter Gamble. R D Manag 36(3) 333-346... 

Sarkar S, Costa AIA (2008) Dynamics of open innovation in the food industiy. Trends Food Sci Technol 19 574-580... 

Vanhaveibeke W (2006) The inter-organizational context of open innovation. In Chesbrough H, Vanhaverbeke W, West J (eds) Open innovation researching a new paradigm. Oxford... 

Henkel, J. (2006J, "Selective revealing in open innovation processes The case of embedded Linux," Research Policy, 35 (7), 953-69. 

Henkel, J., Bock, A., and Block, J. H. Cforthcoming], "Selling to competitors - Competitive implications of user-manufacturer integration," in Revolutionizing innovation - Users, communities and open innovation, Harhoff, D. and Lakhani, K., Eds. Cambridge MIT Press. 

---