Collaborative/engineering processes

Keywords Concurrent engineering Integrated product development and design processes Time-to-Market Collaborative/engineering processes CE system ... 

In the case of HR-NMR the main stipulation is that all samples introduced to the analyzer must be in an entirely liquid form in order for the protons in the entire molecular distribution to be observed. Solids will not provide observable H signals and their presence will therefore reduce the efficacy of the on-line predictions or the model development. A sampling tap from the process lines must deliver separate streams (up to five) to the sample system at a flow rate of 260-340 liters per hour. The sample system must be designed to provide each sample stream to the NMR probe with a temperature variation of less than 3°C. Each sample system is custom designed to meet the above criteria by working in close collaboration with process engineers on the temperature, flows, pressures, viscosities, and solids content found in the various process lines. 

These areas of application were not yet fully foreseeable when the scenario was compiled. This contributed to the fact that the scenario had to be expanded in the final phase of IMPROVE in order to even realize a simulation. This extension was done in collaboration with process engineering experts. Besides temporal information about individual activities, it also encompasses the influence of tool usage and the competences of the developers involved. This information can be accounted for in the simulation, though it is not based on a valid foundation. For this reason, it is necessary to collect additional information by modeling new design processes in this transfer project to... 

Many companies, particularly in aerospace, use integrated product teams that include, among others, design engineers, safety engineers, human factors experts, potential users of the system (operators), and maintainers. But the development process used may not necessarily take maximum advantage of this potential for collaboration. The process outlined in part III tries to do that. 

Several new terms were used to indicate more specific approaches of CE, like Design for Manufacturing and Design for Assembly. Since many design and development processes also required the involvement of external technology providers the term Collaborative Engineering has also been used to indicate the concurrent way of working. 

The application of Collaborative Engineering to product design is usually called Computer Supported Collaborative Design (CSCD) or Computer Supported Collaborative Work in Design (CSCW-D). CSCD is carried out not only among multidisciplinary product development teams within the same company, but also across the boundaries of companies and time zones, with increased numbers of customers and suppliers involved in the process [6]. 

Collaborative Engineering is a systematic approach to control lifecycle cost, product quality, and time to market during product development by concurrently developing products and their related processes with response to customer expectations, where decision making ensures input and evaluation by all lifecycle functions and disciplines, including suppliers, and information technology is applied to support information exchange where necessary. 

CAPE tools have enabled the process engineers at AstraZeneca to improve the understanding of the processes being developed. They have also aided cross-functional collaboration between process engineers and process chemists, in particular when considering transfer of a process fi-om the laboratory to the Pilot Plant Ultimately this enables us to develop cost effective robust processes with minimal SHE impact... 

Despite their heterogeneity, the involved stakeholders need to collaborate toward designing and building a complex production system. Indeed, they all provide data and engineering effort to the engineering process. Based on these inputs, many engineering decisions are taken that shape the detailed engineering and implementation of the intended production system (Schmidt et al. 2014). 

---