Oil well stimulation

Uses Catalysis thixotropy textile, cosmetic, and grease additive antiperspirant water repellents chemical reagent zirconium salts in lakes and toners of acid and basic dyes oilfield acidizing aid clay stabilizer (oil-well stimulation) thixotropic oil-well cement component... 

Acid fracturing is an oil well stimulation process in which acid (HCl or HF, depending on the rock structure) is injected into an oil well at sufficiently high pressure to fracture the porous media or to widen existing natural fractures. Various principles of surface chemistry are employed in this process in order to avoid excessive and costly fluid loss, and to decrease the rate of acid spent. 

Water-wetting surfactants, necessary in oil well stimulation, are not needed in geothermal wells because of the absence of hydrocarbons. Suspending agents (nonemulsifier surfactants) are also not needed, although they are often included in geothermal well stimulation job proposals. A clay stabilizer is not needed. 

Schechter, R. S. 1992. Oil Well Stimulation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice Hall. Lund, K., H. S. Fogler, and C. C. McCune. 1973. Acidization I The dissolution of dolomite in hydrochloric acid. Chemical Engineering Science. 28 691-700. Lund, K., H. S. Fogler, and C. C. McCune. 1975. Acidization II The dissolution of calcite in hydrochloric acid. Chemical Engineering Science. 30 825-835. 

McDonald, S. W. 1983. Evaluations of production tests in oil wells stimulated by massive acid fracturing offshore wztcr. Journal of Petroleum Technology. March 275. 

Offehore Indonesia horizontal oil well stimulation results using... 

For oil-well stimulation, large quantities of acid - usually hydrochloric - are pumped at high rates of flow through the oil-well tubing into the producing formation. The primary object is to act on the formation in such a way as to stimulate the oil flow. If the nature of the formation requires it, hydrofluoric acid is added to the hydrochloric acid. 

Uses Wetting agent in personal care products, specialty cleaners and conditioners, deodorizers, surface treatment applications oil well stimulation fluid ingredient surface tension reducer in acids, KCI, brine leveling aid, coalescent aid in aq. polymer latex coatings... 

Uses Oil well stimulation surfactant surfactant in solv.-based coatings Features Foams hydrocarbon liqs. active in low polarity org. soivs. 

Uses Oil well stimulation surfactant foaming agent for aq./alcoholic fluids Properties Amber liq. sp.gr. 1.05 vise. 50 cps flash pt. (PMCC) -8 C surf. tens. 33.6 dynes/cm (0.5% aq.) 50% act. in ethyl acetate Fluorad FC-750 [3M/Spec. Materials]... 

Uses Surfactant for gas and oil well stimulation enhances activity of org. corrosion inhibitors... 

Uses Oil well stimulation surfactant foaming agent for aq. media... 

Uses Oil well stimulation surfactant reduces surf. tens, of aq. acid and/or brine fluids or foams... 

Uses Surfactant, surf. tens, reducer for oil well stimulation Features Useful at low levels to reduce surf. tens, of fluids used for acidizing, fracturing and water flooding... 

Fluorinated surfactants are used in oil-well stimulation and for petroleum recovery by waterflooding [232] and in nonaqueous stimulation fluids for foaming hydrocarbon liquids (e.g., kerosine [233,234]). A foam, made by foaming a mixture of 1 % F(CF2)8CH2CH20(CH2CH20)2H in methanol, stimulates underground formations in the production of petroleum [235]. 

Eig. 2. Cychc steam stimulation of an oil well (a) steam, injected into a well over a period of days or weeks in a heavy oil reservoir, introduces heat (huff) that, coupled with (b), alternate soak periods lasting a few days to allow (c) a production phase of weeks or months (puff), thins the oil. This process may... 

A clear solution of aluminum citrate neutralized to pH 7 is used for in situ gelling of polymers in polymer flooding and well stimulation in enhanced oil recovery techniques (128—132). The citrate chelate maintains aluminum ion solubiUty and controls the rate of release of the aluminum cross-linker. 

In most air and gas drilling operations, open-hole well completions are common. This type of completion is consistent with low pore pressure and the desire to avoid formation damage. It is often used for gas wells where nitrogen foam fracturing stimulation is necessary to provide production. In oil wells drilled with natural gas as the drilling fluid, the well is often an open hole completed with a screen set on a liner hanger to control sand influx to the well. 

Air and Gas. In the regions where air and natural gas are used as the principal drilling fluids, the potential oil and gas production zones usually have low pore pressure, or require well stimulation techniques to yield commercial production. In these production zones, air drilling (or natural gas drilling) is continued into the production zone and the initial produced formation fluids are carried to the surface by the circulating air or natural gas. This is nearly the same situation as in mud drilling, except that in air (or gas) drilling the transit time for the initial produced formation fluids to reach the surface is much shorter. In mud... 

The composition is useful as an additive for clearing stuck pipe in wellbores and as a fixer spacer for cementing pipe in wellbores. Another use of the composition is as a well stimulation fluid in oil and gas production wells, in which the composition is effective to dissolve filter-cake that blocks pores in the production formation. 

For worthwhile oil or gas well stimulation, the best proppant and fluids have to be combined with a good design plan and the right equipment. The selection of a proppant is an important factor in determining how successful the stimulation treatment can be. To select the best proppant for each well, a general understanding of available proppants is imperative. 

Chemicals of various types are used in every stage of drilling, completing, and producing oil and gas wells. This review describes these chemicals, why they are used, and recent developments. These chemicals include common inorganic salts, transition metal compounds, common organic chemicals and solvents, water-soluble and oil-soluble polymers, and surfactants. As existing fields become depleted, use of chemistry to maintain production via well stimulation, more efficient secondary recovery operations, and enhanced oil recovery become ever more important. 

Solutions of TKPP were mixed with aqueous fluids commonly encountered in drilling or completion of wells. Unlike saturated zinc bromide, concentrated TKPP solutions can be mixed in any proportion with fresh water with the only result being a decrease in solution density. Similar results were obtained with conventional oil field brines containing as much as 400 parts per million polyvalent cations, mostly calcium. Saturated solutions of calcium hydroxide also can be added to TKPP in any proportion without promoting precipitation as can concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, conventionally used for well stimulation. The acid tends to generate a slight haze as the pH is reduced from 11.5 to approximately 8 however, this haze rapidly disappears as the pH is lowered by further addition of acid. 

Oil-well cements, 5 493, 500t, 502 U.S. shipments, 5 498t Oil wells, cyclic steam stimulation of, 73 619... 

Nitromethane is considerably less sensitive. The volatility of the compound is high, and the handling of the constituent explosion-producing liquids is complicated. Nevertheless, nitromethane was used in the USA for preliminary studies to the big nuclear explosions ( pregondola etc.). It has also been used in stimulation explosions carried out in gas wells and oil wells. PLX ( Picatinny Liquid Explosive ) consists of 95% nitromethane and 5% ethylenediamine. 

Oil producers will typically set standards for oil-in-water content ranging from less than 10 ppm in very light crude oils to several hundred parts per million in very heavy crude oils. These specifications are usually site-specific and are dependent on equipment available and crude-oil type. Oil producers in Canada usually have the advantage of disposal wells or water-flood schemes in which produced water is disposed. Failure to meet self-imposed oil-in-water limits usually results in loss of hydrocarbon product back to the formation. For an oil production facility that disposes of 1000 m of water per day with an oil content of 1000 ppm, 365 m of oil is lost per year. At 25 (Canadian) per barrel, this amount of oil translates to a product loss worth approximately 57,000 per year, plus any maintenance costs and well stimulation costs to restore injectivity lost as a result of formation plugging from oil-wet solids. Oil-wet solids in water-flood systems may damage formation permeability and reduce recovery. 

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