Oil Solution

Slowly add ethanol and water. A clear, colorless liquid of low viscosity is the result. 

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Used medicinally as a carminative and stimulant. It is injected in olive oil solution in cases of circulatory collapse. It is a popular remedy for colds and is a constituent of many lina-ments. Camphorated oil is 20% solution in olive oil. 

The issue of water in reverse micellar cores is important because water swollen reverse micelles (reverse microemulsions) provide means for carrying almost any water-soluble component into a predominantly oil-continuous solution (see discussions of microemulsions and micellar catalysis below). In tire absence of water it appears tliat premicellar aggregates (pairs, trimers etc.) are commonly found in surfactant-in-oil solutions [47]. Critical micelle concentrations do exist (witli some exceptions). 

Because of the multiple conjugated olefinic stmcture in the molecule, pure crystalline carotenoids are very sensitive to light and air and must be stored in sealed containers under vacuum or inert gas to prevent degradation. Thus, commercial utilization as food colorings was initially limited however, stable forms were developed and marketed as emulsions, oil solutions and suspensions, and spray-dried forms. 

For vanadium solvent extraction, Hon powder can be added to reduce pentavalent vanadium to quadrivalent and trivalent Hon to divalent at a redox potential of —150 mV. The pH is adjusted to 2 by addition of NH, and an oxyvanadium cation is extracted in four countercurrent stages of mixer—settlers by a diesel oil solution of EHPA. Vanadium is stripped from the organic solvent with a 15 wt % sulfuric acid solution in four countercurrent stages. Addition of NH, steam, and sodium chlorate to the strip Hquor results in the precipitation of vanadium oxides, which are filtered, dried, fused, and flaked (22). Vanadium can also be extracted from oxidized uranium raffinate by solvent extraction with a tertiary amine, and ammonium metavanadate is produced from the soda-ash strip Hquor. Fused and flaked pentoxide is made from the ammonium metavanadate (23). 

In 1949 the World Health Organization adopted the biological activity of 1 mg of an oil solution containing 0.025 p.g of crystalline D as the analytical standard for vitamin D. This standard was discontinued in 1972. USP uses crystalline cholecalciferol as a standard (80). Samples of reference standard may be purchased from U.S. Pharmacopeia Convention, Inc., Reference Standards Order Department, 12601, Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852. One international unit of vitamin D activity is that activity demonstrated by 0.025 ]1 of pure crystalline (7 -vitamin D. One gram of vitamin D3 is equivalent to 40 x 10 lU or USP units. The international chick unit (ICU) is identical to the USP unit. 

USP also issues vitamin D capsules for AO AC deterrnination in rats and an oil solution for the vitamin D AO AC deterrnination in chicks. Historically, the following units (shown with their approximate international unit equivalence) have been used but are currendy abandoned 1 clinical unit = 12-17 lU 1 biological unit = 0.125 lU 1 protection unit = 0.125 lU 1 Laquer unit = 0.14 lU 1 Poulson unit = 0.2 lU 1 Steenbach unit = 3 lU. The MRC, ICU, and Coward units all approximated the international unit and are also no longer in common use. 

Annatto extract is sold ia several physical forms, including dry powders, propylene glycol/monoglyceride emulsions, oil solutions and suspensions, and alkaline aqueous solutions containing anywhere from 0.1—30% active colorant calculated as bixia, norhixin, as appropriate. It... 

P-Apo-8 -carotenal is sold as a dry powder, as 1—1.5% vegetable oil solutions, as 20% suspensions ia vegetable oil, as 2—4% solutioas ia a mixture of moaoglycerides and DL-a-tocopherol, and as 10% dry beadlets. The vegetable-oil suspensions are purpHsh black fluids at room temperatures that set to... 

The solubility of canthaxanthin in most solvents is low compared with P-carotene and P-apo-8 -carotenal. Oil solutions of canthaxanthin are red at all concentrations. Aqueous dispersions are orange or red depending on the type of emulsion prepared. 

The experiments were performed on male Balb c mice with body weight 23-30 g, and on male Wistar rats - body weight 190-250 g. The animals were fed with Standard LSM chow and given water ad libitum. The animals were administered oil solutions or suspensions of monobromobenzene 1, 1,2-... 

The phenols pyrocatechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone can be detected with all chloramine T reagents. The detection sensitivity is about the same with chloramine T - sodium hydroxide and chloramine T - trichloroacetic acid. In all cases the detection limits are ca. 75 ng substance per chromatogram zone after the plate has been subsequently dipped in a paraffin oil solution. Somewhat less favorable detection limits of 150 to 200 ng substance per chromatogram zone are obtained after treatment with chloramine T - hydrochloric acid and chloramine T - sulfuric acid. 

Fig. 2 Fluorescence scan of a chromatogram track with 500 ng each digoxin (1) and digitoxin (2) after treatment of the chromatogram with reagent and paraffin oil solution.

Dosage. TCDD was dissolved in acetone subsequently, one part of the acetone solution was added to and mixed with nine parts of USP corn oil. The acetone-corn oil solution of TCDD was given to rats at a rate of 5 ml/kg by intubation. This volume of solution provided a dose of 50 fxg/kg and 0.14 )LtCi/kg TCDD- C. 

Preparation of Mono-Dispersed MFI-type Zeolite Nanoerystals via Hydrothermal Synthesis in a Water/Surfactant/Oil Solution... 

The cities of Berkeley, Long Beach, San Jose, Glendale, Pasadena, and Sacramento follow the state regulations. California apparently permits the use of DDT and presumably other residuals under carefully controlled conditions, as evidenced by the existence of a California State Department of Public Health poster entitled Use of DDT in Food Establishments. This poster suggests that DDT be employed under carefully controlled conditions, which include the use of a nonmisting compressed air spray, limited to wetting surfaces remote from food supplies, utensils, and open flames under adequate ventilation. The oil solutions must not be allowed to remain in contact with the skin. 

In one procedure that has been widely used, the sample, after suitable treatment, is refluxed with sodium and isopropyl alcohol, after which the solution is diluted with water and the inorganic chloride is determined by standard methods (13, 54) The method has been adopted by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists 29, 30) as a tentative one for technical DDT and for dusts, oil solutions, and aqueous emulsions of DDT, for use in the absence of other chlorine-containing compounds. The National Association of Insecticide and Disinfectant Manufacturers has also accepted the total-chlorine method for the analysis of these preparations 28). Essentially the same procedures have been described by Donovan 22), of the Insecticide Division of the Production and Marketing Administration, for technical DDT and various commercial DDT products containing no other compounds interfering with the chlorine determination. 

LaClair (44) and Soloway et al. (SO) have modified the dehydrohalogenation reaction to permit the determination of p,p -DDT in dusts and oil solutions containing technical DDT. The reaction between the base and the halide is carried out at 20° to 30° C., as Cristol (16) has found that under proper conditions at this temperature the p,p -DDT reacts completely, whereas the o,p -DDT and most of the impurities react only slightly. The Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (3) tentative method for the determination of the purity of p,p -DDT, which employs the dehydrohalogenation procedure, has been modified by Fleck (30) so that the reaction is carried out at 25° C. instead of under reflux conditions. 

Agarwal, P.K. and Lundberg, R.D. "Viscoelastic Behavior of Concentrated Oil Solutions of Sulfo Polymers. 2. EPDM and Zinc Sulfo EPDMs Macromolecules 1984, 17, 1918 1928. 

Uyttendaele, M., Neyts, K., Vanderswalmen, H., Notebaert, E. and Debevere, J. (2004) Control of Aeromonas on minimally processed vegetables by decontamination with lactic acid, chlorinated water, or thyme essential oil solution . International Journal of Food Microbiology, 90, 263-271. 

Carotenoids from fruits and vegetables can exist as protein-carotenoid complexes (as in the case of green leaf vegetables), crystals (as in carrots or tomatoes), or in oil solution (as in mango and papaya) (West and Castenmiller 1998). Carotenoids commonly found in human blood are lutein, zeaxanthin, (3-cryptoxantliin, lycopene, 13-carotene, and a-carotene. The content of some carotenoids in some fruits and vegetables is shown in Table 7.3. 

Paraquat is embryotoxic to sensitive species of birds. Concentrations equivalent to 0.056 kg/ha applied in oil solution to the surface of eggs of the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) inhibited development when applied in aqueous solution, paraquat was toxic at a dose equivalent to 0.56 kg/ha. In each case, adverse effects occurred below the recommended field application rate of about... 

Fertilized eggs exposed on day 3 of incubation for 0.5 min at room temperature Oil solutions... 

Eggs of migratory waterfowl seem to be especially sensitive to paraquat at recommended application rates in an oil vehicle, but were significantly more resistant to the same dose applied in water (Table 22.6). Application of paraquat in oil solution appears contraindicated in areas containing nesting waterfowl. 

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