Nutrition INDEX

Altering the dry matter of the diet (DMD) had a significant effect on the dry matter of the larva (DML) and the dry matter of the feces (DMF). This finding supports assumptions made by Reese and Beck (33) that BCW larvae have a limited ability to regulate their bodily dry matter and that the DMF is poorly maintained in comparison to that of other insects. With the exception of the AD, the nutritional index parameters showed a tendency towards an optimal DMD level around 25%. DWE and DWG were positively correlated with this DMD optimum and with each other, as they are in other insects (59). 

UNICEF—United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund, Nutrition, unicef.org/nutrition/index bigpicture.html. 

Buzby GP, MuUen JL, Matthews DC, Hobbs CL, Rosato EF. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery. Am J Surg 1980 139 160-7. 

Morgan, A. F. 1941. A nutritive index of fruits. Fruit Products J, 21, 75-77. 

This process includes dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical aspects. Nutritional assessment begins with a detailed nutritional history that includes clinical, dietary, socioeconomic, and family issues. Areas of interest include present and past illnesses, family illness history, food allergies or intolerance, medications, nutritional supplements, over-the-counter medications, alcohol use, work environment, and education level. A useful standardized protocol is the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), which incorporates serum albumin, serum transferrin, delayed skin hypersensitivity, and triceps skinfold thickness (20,21). The PNI has been shown to correlate with postoperative complications and mortality (22). Whole body functional assessment by examining overall activity, exercise tolerance, grip strength, respiratory function, wound healing, and plasma albumin concentration can also be useful. 

Schmidt, D.J. J.C. Reese. 1986. Sources of error in nutritional index studies of insects on artificial diet. J, Insect Physiol. 32 193-198. 

Chlorine. Nearly all chlorine compounds are readily soluble in water. As a result, the major reservoir for this element in Figure 1 is the ocean (5). Chloride, as noted earHer, is naturally present at low levels in rain and snow, especially over and near the oceans. Widespread increases in chloride concentration in mnoff in much of the United States can be attributed to the extensive use of sodium chloride and calcium chloride for deicing of streets and highways. Ref. 19 points out the importance of the increased use of deicing salt as a cause of increased chloride concentrations in streams of the northeastern United States and the role of this factor in the chloride trends in Lake Ontario. Increases in chloride concentration also can occur as a result of disposal of sewage, oil field brines, and various kinds of industrial waste. Thus, chloride concentration trends also can be considered as an index of the alternation of streamwater chemistry by human development in the industrialized sections of the world. Although chlorine is an essential element for animal nutrition, it is of less importance for other life forms. 

Data from Merck Index, 10th cd. Rahway, NJ Merck and Co. and Wilson, et at, 1967, Principles of Nutrition, 2nd ed. New York Wiley. 

The activation of apo-transketolase(the enzyme protein) in erythrocyte lysate by thiamin diphosphate added in vitro has become the accepted index of thiamin nutritional status. 

On the GM debate and biosafety research, a review of results performed under the European Commission supervision ( EC-sponsored Research on Safety of Genetically Modified Organisms , edited by C. Kessler and I. Economidis) is available also online at the EU-website http //europa.eu.int/ comm/research/quality-of-life/gmo/. An update on current research in food safety, nutrition and food-related disease might be found in the websites of the World Health Organization, http //www.who.int/fsf/GMfood/index.htm, and of the UK Food Standards Agency, http //www.foodstandards.gov.uk/. 

Monitor short- and long-term nutritional status through evaluation of height, weight, and body mass index. Ideally, parameters should be near the normals for non-CF patients. 

Nutrition and Food Management 236 Egg. Oregon State University http //osu.orst.edU/instruct/nfm236/egg/index.cfm e... 

Pig producers mainly try to approach maximal rates of lean tissue deposition and carcass index values by providing diets formulated to meet all of the known requirements. In the growing period, protein accretion increases as the supply of limiting amino acids increases (Heger et al., 2002). The dose-effect ratio can be subdivided into the nutrition-dependent phase, which is substantially linear, and the plateau phase, which is independent of nutrition supply and whose maximum depends on features of the animals, primarily characterised by the genotype (Susenbeth, 2002). 

Two of the best known surveys that monitor consumer attitudes, concerns, and behaviors on various nutrition and food safety issues are the Trends survey developed by the Food Marketing Institute (FMI) and the Prevention Index published by Rodale Press (1996). 

In a typical multivitamin-mineral combination product consisting of 10-15 ingredients, it is neither practical nor necessary to require in vitro demonstration of each and every vitamin and mineral. Consequently, in a unique approach to establishing in vitro dissolution for multivitamin-mineral combination products, an index vitamin and an index mineral are identified as markers for dissolution. In an attempt to account for the many different permutations of vitamins and mineral combinations, a hierarchy of index vitamins and index minerals was arrived at and specified (5). Table 1 shows the hierarchy of index vitamins and minerals specified for demonstration of dissolution requirement in the nutritional supplements monographs in USP 25-NF20. 

England - Department of Health - Nutrition. Online. Available HTTP (accessed 9 April 2003). 

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