Numerical control

Numerical design and drawing data may be in the form of magnetic tape or disk for numerically controlled machines. Clearly you would not enter into a contract unless you had the type of NC machines required to process this data. 

Equipment cells can be replaced by computer-coordinated machines - direct numerical control (DNC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), flexible manufacturing cells (EMC) ... 

Over the years the performance standards of hydraulic equipment have risen. Whereas a pressure of about 1000 psi used to be adequate for industrial hydraulic systems, nowadays systems operating with pressures of 2000-3500psi are common. Pressures above 5000psi are to be found in applications such as large presses for which suitable high-pressure pumps have been developed. Additionally, systems have to provide increased power densities, more accurate response, better reliability and increased safety. Their use in numerically controlled machine tools and other advanced control systems creates the need for enhanced filtration. Full flow filters as fine as 1-10 micron retention capabilities are now to be found in many hydraulic systems. 

Media publicity has emphasized the introduction of robotic devices for mass production, including the automation of automotive assembly lines and the production of rubber goods, such as belts eind hose. Instrumentation for sensing mechanical motion and the subsequent control of robotic devices provides for challenging applications of numerical control strategies. 

Halpin (1) and Tsai (2) have presented treatises that address the effects of fiber content, orientation and properties on the composite s mechanical performance. A numerically controlled filament winding machine is capable of placing fiber in precise, three dimensional, engineered patterns. Future research addressing the molecular role of the resin s infrastructure on mechanical performance, will couple filament wound composite... 

A numerically controlled filament winder has been designed and constructed. The distance between the head-stock and tail-stock is six feet. Clearance between the centers emd the body of the winder is adjustable, but a specimen several feet in diameter could presently be fabricated. The mandrel and carriage are each driven by one horsepower, direct current motors with a maximum 2000 revolutions per minute. Three phase, 480 volt alternating current is transformed to a 90 volt, direct current power supply. A gear... 

Riepe, D. Numerical Control of Laboratory Equipment, MS thesis. University Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 1987. 

Our choice of the metal for the 1 T magnet was silver. Cutting of the magnet layers from silver tubes was done by means of a specially designed, numerically controlled tooling machine (Fig. 6). Traditional tooling machines... 

Problems of optimal dosage and duration of drug treatment for mental disorders have also been addressed in numerous controlled studies and are presented separately below for antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics and psychostimulants. This division again makes sense because the disorders treated and the therapeutic approaches used differ in significant aspects and the empirical studies carried out in the individual indications show major qualitative and quantitative differences. 

Although numerous controlled trials have examined the role of selected BZDs, their effects range from deterioration, to no change in most patients, to striking improvement in a rare patient when using BZDs either as the sole agent or as an adjunct to antipsychotics ( 172,187, 188, 189, 190, 191,192, 193,194 and 195, 346,... 

Production operations are controlled by blueprints, drawings, documented work instructions, specifications, formulations, or proven numerical controlled software. 

A numerically controlled mill fabricated trenches and through holes at the ends of the trenches in a thin, colorless, polyacrylic acid plate [26], This thin plate was bonded to a more rigid, transparent polycarbonate base plate with U V-curing optical adhesive. The through holes in the plate were connected to holes in the base plate, thereby forming one conduit. The latter holes did not penetrate the base plate, but rather were connected to cross-type arranged borings. Thereby, fluid connections could be attached to the side of the base plate. 

CHC CHCC CNC coc CP AC CPR CPU CVD CW Catalytic hydrogen combustion Catalytic hydrocarbon combustion Computerized Numeric Control Cyclo olefin copolymer Center for Process Analytical Chemistry Catalytic plate reactor Central processing unit Chemical vapor deposition Continous wave... 

Channels were milled on a PMMA disk by a CNC (computer numerically controlled) machine using end mills (of size 127-762 pm) [226,638]. Channels were milled in PC wafers using a milling machine or direct laser writer [227]. 

The plastic film with interconnection layers, denoted (2) in Fig. 16.1, can be made by a process similar to that used to manufacture flexible circuit boards. First, plastic films coated with copper foil are processed by a numerically controlled (NC) drilling machine to make via holes. Plating is then used to make interconnections between top and bottom sides though via holes. Finally, the copper layers are patterned by conventional photolithography and etching. Gold plating is occasionally employed to improve electronic interconnections. 

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