Computer numerical control milling machine

All of us, at one time or another, have experieoced not knowit vdrrae we ate goii. In other words, we were losd The smarter ones among us use a map or stop and ask someone for direcrions and distances (x and y coordinate) to the desired place. An example of using a map to locate a place is shown in F ure 7.2. Coordinate systems are also int rated into software that drives computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines, such as a milling machine or a lathe that cuts materials into specific shape. 

Channels were milled on a PMMA disk by a CNC (computer numerically controlled) machine using end mills (of size 127-762 pm) [226,638]. Channels were milled in PC wafers using a milling machine or direct laser writer [227]. 

Computer numerical control or CNC refers to any machine tool, e.g. drilling machine, milling machine or lathe, which uses a computer to electronically control the motion of one or more axes on the machine through the use of coded instructions. 

A typical use of such methodology is in the various forms of GNG machining. GNG (computer numeric control) refers to the use of reduced-instruction-set computers to control the mechanical operation of machines. GNG lathes and mills are two common applications of the technology. In the traditional use of a lathe, a human operator adjusts all of the working parameters such as spindle rotation speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, through an order of op>-erations that is designed to produce a finished piece... 

Programmable Logic Controller. One of the most essential devices associated with modern production methods is the programmable logic controller, or PLC. These devices contain the instruction set for the automated operation of various machines, such as CNC (computer numerical control) lathes and milling machines, and all industrial robotics. In operation, the PLC replaces a human machinist or operator, eliminating the effects of human error and... 

Although the computer numerical control (CNC) milhng machine controlled by computer described below is widely used, the accurate manual drilhng—milling machine shown in Figure 4.7 is also frequently required. 

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