Central processing units

CPU (central processing unit) the part of a computer that does mathematical and logical operations. 

A computer must communicate with a variety of peripheral devices (keyboard, mouse, printer, mass spectrometer). A central processing unit (CPU) controls the flow of information to each, rather like a choreographer directing complicated dance routines. 

Banked Memory. Another characteristic of many vector supercomputers is banked memory. The main memory is usually divided into a small number of electronically separate banks. A given memory bank can absorb or supply operands at a much slower rate than the rate at which the central processing unit (CPU) can produce or use data. If the data can be spread across multiple memory banks, the effective memory bandwidth, or rate at which memory can absorb or supply data, is increased. For example, if a single memory bank can supply one operand every 16 clock cycles, then 16 memory banks would enable the entire memory subsystem to deflver one operand per clock cycle, assuming that the data come sequentially from different memory banks. 

Central processing unit (CPU) This is in the form of a micro controller and can be called the brain of the PLC. It computes and analyses the various data fed into it. It acts like a comparator and makes decisions on the corrective action necessary to fulfil process needs according to the instructions received from the program stored in the memory and generates the output commands. 

The function of a sensory system is to select suitable modalities from the multitude presented by the environment, and translate them into corresponding modalities of sensory information that are then projected and processed into the various parts and finally submitted to the central processing-unit, the brain. A working hypothesis of the mechanism by which the taste system senses chemical compounds is that macromolecules that are... 

The third is that the signal, or, rather, the causal sequence of its successors, travels through the various parts of the sensory system, undergoing various projecting and processing operations, until it ends its life at the central processing unit. ... 

The character and the degree of automation in chemical control may have been covered in the above treatment of semi-automatic or completely automatic, and of discontinuous or continuous analysis, but something more should be said about the means by which automation proper has been performed in recent times. Whereas in the past automated analysis involved the use of merely, mechanical robots, to-day s automation is preferably based on computerization in a way which can best be explained with a few specific examples. Adjustment knobs have been increasingly replaced with push-buttons that activate an enclosed fully dedicated microcomputer or microprocessor in line with the measuring instrument the term microcomputer is applicable if, apart from the microprocessor as the central processing unit (CPU), it contains additional, albeit limited, memory (e.g., 4K), control logics and input and output lines, by means of which it can act as satellite of a larger computer system (e.g., in laboratory computerization) if not enclosed, the microcomputer is called on-line. 

Abbreviations CPU = central processing unit SQP = successive quadratic programming. 

We chose a general view because the impact of computers on flavor and fragrance research is not limited to a particular area. The advent of the microprocessor has made powerful, inexpensive microcomputers available to the analytical chemist and the sensory scientist alike. These people have connected them to their machines, used them to control robots, and placed them in their sensory evaluation booths. The successful development of inexpensive memory and very fast central processing units, on the other hand, has made very powerful minicomputers available to the computational chemist and the information scientist. These researchers now routinely use the computer to design new functional molecules, design new products, and keep track of huge collections of molecules and associated data. 

CPU. The central processing unit for the DARS is a Nova Model 1200 by Data General in the United States and Datagen in Canada. The Nova 1200 has a 16-bit word length and a cycle time of 1.2 microseconds. As many as 62 separate devices may be interfaced to the CPU. The basic system contains 4k (4096) words of memory which is expandable up to a maximum of 32k words. Included in the in-out system are facilities for hardware interrupts or a real-time priority basis. 

Before any computational study on molecular properties can be carried out, a molecular model needs to be established. It can be based on an appropriate crystal structure or derived using any other technique that can produce a valid model for a given compound, whether or not it has been prepared. Molecular mechanics is one such technique and, primarily for reasons of computational simplicity and efficiency, it is the most widely used. Quantum mechanical modeling of metal complexes with ab-initio or semi-empirical methods often remains prohibitive because these methods are so computationally intensive. The approximations that are introduced in order to reduce central processing unit (CPU) time and allow quantum mechanical calculations to be used routinely are often severe and such calculations are then less reliable. 

CHC CHCC CNC coc CP AC CPR CPU CVD CW Catalytic hydrogen combustion Catalytic hydrocarbon combustion Computerized Numeric Control Cyclo olefin copolymer Center for Process Analytical Chemistry Catalytic plate reactor Central processing unit Chemical vapor deposition Continous wave... 

C.P.U. The central processing unit is also referred as brain of the computer. It controls the flow of data through the system, directing the data to enter the system, placing data in memory, reentering them when needed and directing the output of information. It consists of ... 

The CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) decodes and executes the instructions of a computer program. It has circuits that can perform arithmetic and logical operations, e.g., add two numbers or compare them for equality. 

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