Kappa factor

CI2 on pulp = kappa factor x pulp kappa number... 

Interesting findings were recently reported by S0rbye and associates in a study of the factors concerned in the normal clotting mechanism. They isolated from the plasma of vitamin K-deficient chicks a protein factor, designated the kappa factor which reduced plasma prothrombin time in animals treated with bishydroxycoumarin (dicumarol) but which had no effect upon prothrombin time in vitamin K deficiency. A second factor, the delta factor, was isolated from plasma of chicks treated with dicumarol which reduced prothrombin time of plasma of vitamin K-deficient chicks but not that of plasma from chicks receiving dicumarol. They postulated that at least four factors are necessary in the clotting mechanism prothrombin proper, the kappa and delta factors, and the labile factor of fresh plasma (factor V). Deficiency of vitamin K apparently produced a defect in the delta factor, while administration of dicumarol produced a deficiency of the kappa factor. 

Meyer, M.,. Schreck, R., and Baenerle, P. A. (1 993). H2O2 and antioxidents have opposite effects on activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 in intact cells . AP I as secondary antioxidant respon Sive factor. EMBO J. 12(5), 2005-2015. 

Nuclear Factor Kappa B Toll-like Receptors... 

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is the generic term for a family of dimeric eukaryotic transcription factors, composed of members of the Rel family of DNA-binding proteins including the mammalian proteins RelA (or p65), cRel, RelB, p50 and p52, and the Drosophila proteins Dorsal, Dif and Relish. These proteins bind with different affinities to a consensus DNA sequence motif (called the kB site) consisting of the sequence 5 -GGGRNNYYCC-3 in which R is a purine, Y is a pyrimidine, and N is any base. 

Essential for induction ofthe/Z-5 gene in inflammatory reactions is the binding site for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). NF-kB responds to cytokines, stress, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial, viral, or even parasitic antigens [2]. NF-kB stands for a family of subunits, which form homo-, and heterodimers. All NF-kB proteins share a highly conserved DNA-binding/dimerization domain called the Rel homology domain (RHD) consisting of two (3-strand core domains... 

To illustrate how different m(X ) and x may happen to be, let s consider as a specific example (others can be found in Saraiva and Stephanopoulos, 1992c) a Kraft pulp digester. The performance metric y, that one wishes to minimize, is determined by the kappa index of the pulp produced and the cooking yield. Two decision variables are considered H-factor (xj), and alkali charge (X2). Furthermore, we will assume as perfect an available deterministic empirical model (Saraiva and Stephanopoulos, 1992c), /, which expresses y as function of x, i.e., that y =/(xi, X2) is perfectly known. 

Fuiia B, Deng L, Wu K, Baylor S, Kehn K, Li H, DonneUy R, Coleman T, Kashanchi F (2002) Enhancement of nuclear factor-kappa B acetylation by coactivator p300 and HIV-1 Tat proteins. J Biol Chem 277(7) 4973 980... 

Roy S, Cain KJ, Chapin RB, Charboneau RG, Barke RA (1998) Morphine modulates NF kappa B activation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 245(2) 392-396 Roy H, Bhardwaj S, Yla-Herttuala S (2006a) Biology of vascular endothelial growth factors. FEBS Lett 580(12) 2879-2887... 

IkB inhibitory protein kappa B lCAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 lL-1 interleukin-1 LDL low density lipoprotein MAPKs mitogen activated protein kinases MCP-1 macrophage chemotactic protein 1 M-CSF macrophage colony stimulating factor mmLDL minimally modified LDL NAC A-acetylcysteine NF-kB nuclear factor-kappa B oxLDL oxidised LDL PKC protein kinase C PMA phobol myristate acetate ROS reactive oxygen species TNF-a tumour necrosis factor alpha AM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1... 

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