Notebook

The use of loose sheets of paper for even minor observations or 

Each entry must be dated. This not only makes it easier to retrieve information in the future, but it makes it possible to reconstruct the chronology of work performed and correlate it with other activities. In an analytical laboratory where a customer alleged that a sodium thiosulfate reagent solution used in a titration had been improperly prepared, the date reference made it possible one year later to tie the sample in question to a specific batch of reagent. This careful record prevented a threatened lawsuit. 

When filled to the last page, notebooks must be filed in a safe place for posterity. In some laboratories, they are even locked away. 

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Defectoscope AUGUR)) is a complex device including Notebook PC with additional electronic boards, small-size automatic two-coordinate scanner, set of piezoelectric transducers, up to 25 m communication line (Fig. 1). 

We showed that experimentally recorded DACs and synthetically generated DGS curves are equivalent if the described requirements are fulfilled. Consequently an echo amplitude evaluation program has been developed which combines both techniques in one instrument. The software of the new state-of-the-art Ultrasonic Notebook USLT 2000 allows, apart from many other new possibilities, the combined or exclusive use of the reference block and the DGS method for amplitude evaluation. Even in those situations where DACs cannot be re-... 

The HILL-SCAN 30XX boards can be used in different PCs. Desktop- and tower-PCs as well suited for laboratory uses. For in-field inspections rugged notebooks and portable PCs are advantageous. A typical portable system is shown in Fig. 2 (USPC 3010), used in MUSE (Mobile Ultrasonic Equipment). This portable PC not only contains the boards for ultrasonic testing but also a controller with power supply for stepper motors, so that a manipulator can be connected directly. The MUSE system is enlarged with a water circulation system which enables a local immersion technique" for in-field inspections. A typical result is shown in Fig. 3, which presents a D-scan of a CFRP- component in RTM-techniques. The defect area caused by an impact is clearly indicated. The manipulator is described in [3]. 

The basic law of friction has been known for some time. Amontons was, in fact, preceded by Leonardo da Vinci, whose notebook illustrates with sketches that the coefficient of friction is independent of the apparent area of contact (see Refs. 2 and 3). It is only relatively recently, however, that the probably correct explanation has become generally accepted. 

The reaction center has either to be spedfied when inputting a reaction into a database, or it has to be determined automatically. Specification on input is time-consuming but it can benefit from the insight of the human expert, particularly so if the reaction input is done by the primary investigator as is the case in an electronic notebook. Automatic determination of reaction centers is difficult, particularly so when incomplete readion equations are given where the stoichiometry of a reaction is not balanced see Section 3.1). One approach is to try first to complete the stoichiometry of a reaction equation by filling in the missing molecules such as water, N2, etc. and then to start with reaction center determination. A few systems for automatic reaction center specification are available. However, little has been published on this matter and therefore it is not discussed in any detail here. 

Finally, we cannot end a chapter on the basic tools of analytical chemistry without mentioning the laboratory notebook. Your laboratory notebook is your most important tool when working in the lab, providing a complete record of all your work. If kept properly, you should be able to look back at your laboratory notebook several years from now and reconstruct the experiments on which you worked. 

A useful resource for information on maintaining a useful laboratory notebook is... 

Kanare, H. M. Writing the Laboratory Notebook, American Chemical Society Washington, DC 1985. 

B. R. Christopher and R. D. Holt2, Geotextile Design and Construction Guidelines Participant Notebook, rev. ed.. National Highway Institute, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

The Laboratory Notebook Page. Most engineers, scientists, and technicians make a record of their work. A common form of record... 

Is the record found in a notebook which has been bound ... 

AH of these factors should be considered when evaluating the quaUty of laboratory notebook entries. These entries may otherwise never be considered until they are the subject of a legal contest, at which time quaUty review may be too late. 

The Record of Invention. The second phase of developing a record of the invention is to condense the record into a summary form which serves several purposes. Specifically, the record of invention estabUshes a date of invention through attached copies of notebook records, spectra, and the like which all prove that the invention has in fact been conceived and reduced to practice in some form having practical utihty. 

The importance of an accurate and complete record of invention caimot be underestimated. The record of invention should serve as the basic document for estabUshing the date of conception and reduction to practice of the invention. The U.S. PTO issues patents to those who are first to invent. In a contest over inventorship, any available record of invention is submitted to the U.S. PTO to estabUsh proof of an inventor s rights. As of January 1, 1996, any inventor from a country belonging to the World Trade Organization may use such evidence before the U.S. PTO. Previously, this type of proof could be rehed upon only if the activity, documented in the notebook, record, etc, was undertaken in the United States. Similarly, activity undertaken after December 8, 1993 in Mexico or Canada may also be rehed upon to prove inventorship. 

Mechanical or coil bindings ate used for notebooks and calendars. The pages ate coUated and special drilling equipment is used to punch holes in the paper. Metal or plastic cods ate insetted. This durable binding allows finished books to lay flat. 

Documentation of the system design and operating data, analytical assumptions and constraints used in the analysis in a notebook becomes part of the QA record. However, it is useful to have documents analyses and records as computer files for handling the voluminous data reporting and presenting the results of the work. It provides. 

Figure 7.3-1 outlines steps in the scoping process. However, if this information is to be gathered, it should be in a convenient form such as collecting the data as a computer file in a notebook personal computer. The file may be a word processor, a spreadsheet, or a database. If the input is into a word processor such as WordPerfect or Word, it may be in table format. Very similar but Process Scoping Steps... 

With the advent of notebook computers, it is feasible to use interactive software to structure the data collection process at the workplace. There are many potential advantages with this approach. 

The objective of this notebook was the collection, analysis, and presentation of nonelectronic component failure data and the presentation of analytical methods that form the state-of-the-art in nonelectronic reliability analysis. This report replaces the former Nonelectronic Reliability Notebook (RADC-TR-75-22). 

This notebook is divided into six sections Introduction, Applicable... 

Statistical Methods for Nonelectronic Reliability, Reliability Specifications, Special Application Methods for Reliability Prediction Part Failure Characteristics, and Reliability Demonstration Tests. Data is located in section 5.0 on Part Failure Characteristics. This section describes the results of the statistical analyses of failure data from more than 250 distinct nonelectronic parts collected from recent commercial and military projects. This data was collected in-house (from operations and maintenance reports) and from industry wide sources. Tables, alphabetized by part class/ part type, are presented for easy reference to part failure rates assuminng that the part lives are exponentially distributed (as in previous editions of this notebook, the majority of data available included total operating time, and total number of failures only). For parts for which the actual life times for each part under test were included in the database, further tables are presented which describe the results of testing the fit of the exponential and Weibull distributions. 

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