Reliability specifications

The detection and quantification of cyanobacterial toxins quoted in the above examples required methods which have been undergoing rapid development in recent years, and as the need for greater understanding of the properties and occurrence of the toxins continues to grow, these are continuing to be developed. This has resulted in methods of cyanobacterial toxin detection which are more sensitive, quantitative, reliable, specific and humane. Many of these methods are presented and discussed in the proceedings of a recent conference. 

With the Industrial Revolution, life became more complex but it was not until World War II that reliability engineering was needed to keep the complex airplanes, tanks, vehicles and ships operating. Of particular concern was the reliability of radar. Prior to this time equipment was known qualitatively to be reliable or unreliable. To quantify reliability requires collecting statistics on part failures in order to calculate the mean time to failure and the mean time to repair. Since then, NASA and the military has included reliability specifications in procurements thereby sustaining the collection and evaluation of data build statistical accuracy although it adds to the cost. 

Statistical Methods for Nonelectronic Reliability, Reliability Specifications, Special Application Methods for Reliability Prediction Part Failure Characteristics, and Reliability Demonstration Tests. Data is located in section 5.0 on Part Failure Characteristics. This section describes the results of the statistical analyses of failure data from more than 250 distinct nonelectronic parts collected from recent commercial and military projects. This data was collected in-house (from operations and maintenance reports) and from industry wide sources. Tables, alphabetized by part class/ part type, are presented for easy reference to part failure rates assuminng that the part lives are exponentially distributed (as in previous editions of this notebook, the majority of data available included total operating time, and total number of failures only). For parts for which the actual life times for each part under test were included in the database, further tables are presented which describe the results of testing the fit of the exponential and Weibull distributions. 

By contrast, it appears from Figs. 10.4 and 10.6 that a potential measurement would be more reliable. Specifically that (the equilibrium potential for the iron/ferrous-ion electrode given a suitably low ferrous ion concentration) would always represent the achievement of full protection for iron. 

Having reliable, specific, and sensitive assays is crucial during development of production and purification methods, and to show lot consistency. Once made and purified, the rAAV vector stocks are characterized using a variety of techniques to ensure they are safe, pure, potent, and stable. 

Specific heat can be predicted fairly accurately by mathematical models through statistical mechanics and quantum theory. For solids, the Debye model gives a satisfactory representation of the specific heat with temperature. Difficulties, however, are encountered when the Debye theory is applied to alloys and compounds. Plastics and glasses are other classes of solids that fail to follow this theory. In such cases, only experimental test data will provide sufficiently reliable specific heat values. 

Due to the reliability, specificity and biocompatibility of click chemistry, its application is found in nearly all areas of modern chemistry from drug discovery to material science. 

The determination of ascorbic acid in biological materials, including foods and feeds, is beset with numerous technical problems. Hence, the methods used should be selected and conducted with extreme care with respect to reliability, specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Depending upon the procedure selected, dehydroascorbic acid, hydroascorbic acid, or total ascorbic acid levels may be measured. At present, colori-... 

Many neuronal markers including NSE are not reliably specific for neuronal tumors. Test new markers on gliomas before using them to identify neuronal tumors. 

Reliable, specific, and meaningful tests to assess quality. 

The instrumentation described in this chapter is very dependent on the maker supplying a reliable specification. Thereafter it is usually only necessary to check the instrument periodically using a commercially available standard potential or current source. Any deviation found should be corrected by following the instrument manufacturer s setting up procedure or by returning to the maker for recalibration. 

The need to develop rehable analytical methods to determine the levels of both gaseous and particulate pollutants has gathered considerable impetus in the last 20 years or so and reliable, specific, rapid-response techniques are now available for many pollutants. In order to review the available methodology for the analysis of the various priority pollutants, it is necessary to classify them according to the physical form in which they are generally present in the atmosphere. The two classes of pollutant form are gaseous pollutants and particulate species. 

The synthesis of heterocycles via intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction is still an expanding field of current research due to the signiflcant importance of heterocycles, thereby engendering the need for reliable, specific and high-yielding preparation methods. The Mizoroki-Heck reaction is one of the chemist s synthetic tools matching best these criteria and has only begun to reveal its full synthetic potential in this specific domain. 

The type of the programmable component (FPL versus LVL) will also affect the rigor of the required evaluation. A functional evaluation is needed to determine whether specific software changes affect the expected performance (integrity and reliability), specification, installation, configuration, diagnostics, or proof-test requirements. 

Some color bar patterns merit special names. For example, 100/0/75/0 bars are often called EBU bars or 75% bars , and 100/0/100/25 bars are known as BBCbars. Nevertheless, the ITU four number nomenclature remains the only reliable specification system to designate the exact levels for color bar test patterns. 

Finally, it is to be emphasized that the sign of an ORD curve at any arbitrary point—like the sodium D-line wavelength—is composed of a superposition of tail absorptions from all the ORD bands in the spectrum. The sign of the specific rotation at such a point is therefore an uncertain guide to molecular structure, although, historically, many have sought to use them to find reliable specific rotation-structure relationships. 

Furthermore, the analysis results showed that the control unit and safety equipment causes much more failures compared to the other components. It was shown that it is not possible to reduce these failures by maintenance. Therefore, from reliability specification point of view, the reliability target of the control unit and safety equipment needs to be increased considerably. 

A reactor performance monitoring program shall be established to optimize overall reactor performance as well as system and individual component performance and reliability. Specific parameters which are to be monitored through this program shall be identified. 

Mantellato, S., M. Palacios and R. J. Flatt (2012). Reliable Specific Surface Measurement of Fresh Cement Pastes . In 14. GDCh-Tagung Bauchemie. Diibendorf, Switzerland. 

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