Nordic project

A Nordic project has evaluated how different TTC-like concepts have been used, and assessed their potential usability in risk assessment of industrial chemicals within REACH (NCM 2005). The Nordic group considered that if the TTC concept is appropriately derived and used, it might imply a better focus of chemicals at risk. However, it was also stated that, independent of the approach used in risk assessment of industrial chemicals, it is important to maintain a sufficient level of protection and that application of the TTC concept in REACH would imply that limited data may be generated and thus that the level of protection might be influenced. 

This paper gives an overview of risk criteria used in the nuclear industry, European railway and offshore oil and gas industries. A survey of risk criteria has been made within a Nordic project dealing with the use of probabihstic safety criteria for nuclear power plants, see Hohnberg Knochenhauer (2006 and 2008). The project is performed during the period 2005-2009. It was initiated by NKS (Nordic Nuclear Safety Research) and NPSAG (Nordic PSA Group), and has relations to an OECD/NEA WGRisk task on probabilistic safety criteria in the NEA member countries. 

Furthermore, some recent initiatives from groups of companies in the Nordic countries should be mentioned. Sweden Textile Water Initiative (STWI) started in 2010 as a joint project between textile and leather retail companies in Sweden. As of November 2011, 32 companies have joined STWI. The aim of the STWI is to produce guidelines for sustainable water management both for the textile sector and the leather sector. 

We have observed three subgiants HD 23249 (KO), HD 198149 (KO), HD 222404 (Kl) and three dwarfs HD 10780 (KO), HD 4628 (K2), HD 201091 (K5), on 2002 November 28 and 29, with the high-resolution cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph SOFIN, mounted on the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT). They are in the solar neighbourhood (< 15 pc), are very bright (V < 6) and have modest projected rotational velocities (v sin i < 4 km s 1) to limit blends between spectral lines. They also do not present any evidence for emission (or a moderate one, as in the case of the three dwarfs) in the core of Ca II H and K lines. 

Danish research communities are well represented in European research and demonstration projects in the area of fuel cells. In the period 1999-2002, 43 projects were supported by the EU s Fifth Framework program on Energy Environment and Sustainable Development (EESP). Overall, Danish partners have participated in EU-sponsored 13 fuel cell projects (For more information see the Nordic programmes). 

Nordic Co-operation (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) o Hydrogen production and storage (3 projects). 

Author (L.G.) acknowledge the European Union European Social Fund for support to visit the University of Western Cape (South Africa) and to work in the laboratory of South African Institute of Advanced Material Chemistry. Authors (L.G. and J.K.) acknowledge the NORSTORE project (Nordic Energy Rresearch Project) to visit the RIS0 National Research Centre (Denmark). In addition, to everybody who helped with advice and knowledge. 

EDWARDS, M. c. (1996) The use of FT-Raman Spectroscopy to measure transfer of adhesives from sticky labels to the surface of fruits. MAFF Project No. 22244. PETERSEN, J.-H. in Adhesives in food contact materials and articles, Proceedings from a Nordic seminar June 2001 by Kettil Svensson, Mona-Lise Binderup, Cato Brede, Bente Fabech, Anja Hallikainene, Turid Hellstrom, Jens Hpjslev Petersen and Sesselja Maria Sveinsdottir. 

A project group under the Nordic Council of Ministers published in 2000, a comprehensive report on legislative aspects of active and intelligent food packaging, also contributed to proposals for new legislation. 

Multicenter production of reference values is gaining acceptance, both as a theoretical concept and as a practical approach. A Spanish study introduced a cooperative model, simulating a virtual laboratory for 15 biochemical quantities. A recent project in the Nordic countries (NORIP ) was aimed at the production of common reference intervals for 25 analytes. 

Rustad P, Felding P, eds. Transnational biological reference intervals. Procedures and examples from the Nordic Reference Interval Project 2000. Scand f Clin Lab Invest 2004 64 265-441. 

Financial support from the Nordic Council of Ministers through the MIL-2 project is gratefully acknowledged. 

Nielsen T. 1961, A Study of the Reactivity of PAH, Nordic PAH project. Report N° 10, Central Institute for Industrial Research, Oslo... 

ABSTRACT The paper describes the results from a sub-project within a Nordic research project dealing with probabilistic risk criteria for nuclear power plants (NPP). In order to provide perspective on the project s detailed treatment of probabihstic risk criteria for NPP s, and to make it possible to relate these to risk criteria defined and applied in other safety-critical industries, criteria defined and used within the European railway and offshore oil and gas industries have been discussed in some detail and compared to NPP criteria. 

We thank the NKS (Nordic nuclear safety research) and the members of NPSAG (Nordic PSA Group) and SAFIR-2010 (The Finnish Research Programme on Nuclear Power Plant Safety) for financial support of the project as well as for other input. 

The OTS-project has been continued by a research team with participants from StatoilHydro, Sintef, Stu-dioApertura, Safetec Nordic AS and University of Stavanger (project responsible) and has changed name to Risk Modelling - Integration of Organizational, Human and Technical factors (OMT). The OTS and OMT-method is at the present time the same, but in the future the method may become somewhat di fferent. Further on in this paper the method is named OMT. 

Havator speciahzes in project work and often performs it in cooperation with other companies. A recent project entailed mounting windmills at the coasthne of the Gulf of Bothnia. Havator operates in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Baltic countries and Russia, which hnks it to the Barents Region and makes it relevant for the present study. It has become the biggest crane service provider in Nordic countries and one of the biggest in Europe, thanks to its recent acquisitions in Finland and Sweden. 

In their review, Pinto et al. (2011) listed several causes for poor safety performance in the constmction industry. These include poor safely organization, lack of coordination at shared workplaces, tight schedules and economic pressure, constantly changing work environments, specialization in certain tasks, poor safety awareness among top management and project managers, poor involvement of workers in safety matters, lack of and/or inadequate prevention/protection equipment, and lack of proper communication procedures. They also point out that company size seems to affect safety performance, as smaller companies tend to have limited resources for health and safety issues (2011). In Nordic countries, additional threats, such as changing environmental conditions, slipperiness, darkness and cold must all be seen as additional risk factors (McFadden and Bennett 1991 Risikko 2009). 

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