Echelle spectrographs

We have observed three subgiants HD 23249 (KO), HD 198149 (KO), HD 222404 (Kl) and three dwarfs HD 10780 (KO), HD 4628 (K2), HD 201091 (K5), on 2002 November 28 and 29, with the high-resolution cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph SOFIN, mounted on the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT). They are in the solar neighbourhood (< 15 pc), are very bright (V < 6) and have modest projected rotational velocities (v sin i < 4 km s 1) to limit blends between spectral lines. They also do not present any evidence for emission (or a moderate one, as in the case of the three dwarfs) in the core of Ca II H and K lines. 

CRIRES stands for CRvogenic Infrared Echelle Spectrograph. 

The VLT, centrepiece of the ESO, promises an exceptional harvest of astronomical data. Understanding the chemical evolution of the Universe requires a coordinated study of the most remote objects, ancient stars in the galactic halo and absorbent clouds in the line of sight of quasars. To this end, the high-resolution spectrograph UVES (Ultraviolet Echelle Spectrograph) was set at one focus of Kueyen, one of the four components of the VLT, perched at the top... 

The LPA instrument of Mount (42) uses a XeCl laser to monitor absorption near the Qi(S) line group. The laser beam, expanded in a telescope to an initial area of 150 cm2, is reflected from a retroreflector array for a total optical path of 20.6 km. The returned beam and a portion of the outgoing beam follow symmetric paths through an echelle spectrograph to a pair of photodiode array detectors, thus providing both I and Z0 spectra for the... 

Image Devices. Although he never assembled an actual TV-spectrometer, Margoshes was the first to recognize the potential of TV-type detectors in analytical atomic spectroscopy. In a series of reports (50,51,52) he speculated on the advantages of using an SEC tube [vide infra] to detect radiation dispersed by an echelle spectrograph. These reports and the recent availability of various solid-state array detectors have prompted numerous... 

H. Becker-Ross, M. Okruss, S. Florek, U. Heitmann, M.D. Huang, Echelle-spectrograph as a tool for studies of structured background in flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta, 57B (2002), 1493. 

Figure 8.44. Spectrum of cyclohexane obtained with an echelle spectrograph and one CCD exposure. Magnified spectrum demonstrates high spectral resolution. (Adapted from Reference 35 with permission.)...

So far we have considered only the overall metallicity of DLAs as measured by the [Zn/H] ratio. However, the relative abundances of different elements offer additional insights into the chemical evolution of this population of galaxies, as we shall now see. This aspect of the work has really blossomed with the advent of efficient echelle spectrographs on both... 

Fig. 94. Echelle spectrograph with internal order separation in a tetrahedral mounting. (1) Entrance slits, (2) spherical collimator mirror, (3) prism, (4) Echelle grating, (5) spherical camera mirror, (6) focal plane (A)...

Part of an iron spectrum recorded with an Echelle spectrograph with collimator and camera focal length of 500 mm, original size of the part 20 x 15 mm2 (B). (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [344].)... 

Molybdenum target. X-ray, 304,311 Momentum, angular, in NMR, 499 Monochromatic radiation Beer law, 158 diode lasers, 173 incoherent, 169 Monochromator, 180-189 dispersion, 185 echelle spectrograph, 261 effect of slit width on resolution. 188... 

Figure 10 Diagram of the echelle spectrograph developed by Pelletier [133] SI, entrance slit LI, collimating lens Ml, mirror CD, cross-disperser (grating) EG, echelle grating L2, focusing lens FP, spectrograph focal plane. (Adapted with permission from Ref. 133.)...

Figure 11 Schematic representations of the (a) visible and (b) NIR versions of a commercial echelle spectrograph manufactured for Raman spectroscopy. (Adapted with permission from InPhotonics, Inc.)...

Figure 12 Calibration spectrum used for the CCD echelle spectrograph. The lower curves represent the white-light response for the different echelle orders used. The lines represent atomic emission lines from a neon lamp used for wavelength calibration. (Adapted with permission from Ref. 133.)...

MJ Pelletier. Raman spectroscopy using an echelle spectrograph with CCD detection. Appl Spectrosc 44 1699-1705, 1990. 

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