Neurotrophic

Cytokines and Immunophilins. A large number of inflammatory mediators and related proteins including the cytokines, colony stimulating factors (CSFs), interferons (IFNs), tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), growth factors (see Growth regulators), neurotrophic factors, and immunophilins are found in the mammalian CNS and appear to play a significant role in CNS function both in development and in aspects of brain homeostasis (40—43). 

BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is a neuro-trophin, i.e. a target-derived growth factor, which is expressed in the brain predominantly in the hippocampus. It acts through its tyrosine kinase receptor, trkB,... 

Neurotrophic Factors Pain and Nociception Antidepressant Dtugs... 

A continuous supply of a variety of polypeptide molecules known as neurotrophic factors (or neuro-trophins) is essential to the nervous systems of all vertebrates throughout development as well as in adult... 

Neurotrophins (NGF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF neurotrophin-3, NT-3 NT-4 NT-6) are important regulators of neural survival, development, function, and plasticity of the vertebrate nervous system [1]. Neurotrophins generally function as noncovalently associated homodimers. They activate two different classes of receptors, through which signaling pathways can be activated, including those mediated by Ras and members of the cdc42/rac/rho G protein families, MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, and Jun kinase cascades. 

Conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a newly discovered growth factor with a high specificity and activity to promote survival of dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo. CDNF is homologous to an astrocyte-derived growth factor, MANF-1. 

Sleeman MW, Anderson KD, Lambert PD et al (2000) The ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor, CNTFRa. Pharm Acta Helv 74 265-272... 

Sendtner M (1999) Neurotrophic factors and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Handbook of exp pharmacol. 134 81-117... 

Neurotransmitter Transporters Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Neurotrophic Factors Corticotropin Releasing Hormone CRH... 

In a recent total synthesis of the novel neurotrophic agent merrilactone A (22, Scheme 4) by Inoue and Hirama [24], key intermediate 21 with the cis-bicyclo[3.3.0] octane framework embedded within the caged pentacycle 22 was elaborated from cyclobutane 18 by a sequence of RCM and immediate cleavage of the resulting bicyclic vicinal diol 19 to raeso-diketone 20. Cyclooctenedione 20 then underwent regioselective transannular aldol reaction at low temperature (LHMDS, THF, -100 °C) to produce a 3 1 mixture of isomers in 85% combined yield. The major isomer 21 with the required stereochemistry was then converted into the racemic natural compound ( )-22 in 19 steps. 

HIV is neuroinvasive, neurovirulent, but is not especially neurotrophic (Manji and Miller 2004). It can potentially affect all areas of the neuroaxis, either directly, producing distinct neurological syndromes, or indirectly, by causing immunodeficiency with resultant susceptibility to opportunistic infections. General principles... 

Zhu Y, Antony J et al (2006) CD8-t lymphocyte-mediated injury of dorsal root ganghon neurons during lentiviras infection CD 154-dependent ceU contact neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 26(13) 3396-3403 Zhu Y, Antony JM et al (2007) Didanosine causes sensory neuropathy in an HIV/AIDS animal model impaired mitochondrial and neurotrophic factor gene expression. Brain 130(Pt 8) 2011-2023... 

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