Growth factors ciliary neurotrophic factor

The neurotrophins represent a family of survival and differentiation factors that exert profound effects in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The neurotrophins are currently under investigation as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and nerve injury either individually or in combination with other trophic factors such as ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF). 

Knepp, V. M., Whatley, J. L., Muchnik, A., and Calderwood,T. S. (1996), Identification of antioxidants for prevention of peroxide-mediated oxidation of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor and recombinant human nerve growth factor, J. Parenteral Sci. Technol., 50,163-171. 

Key CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor EPO, erythropoetin HIGF, human insulin-like growth factor HSV-TK, herpesvirus thylimidine kinase IRAP, insulin responsive aminopeptidase. 

Hagg, T., Varon, S., and Louis, J. C., Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor and CD4 expression by rat CNS microglia, J. Neuroimmunol., 48, 177, 1993. 

Gumey, M. E., Yamamoto, H., and Kwon, Y., Induction of motor neuron sprouting in vivo by ciliary neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, J. Neumsci., 12, 3241, 1992. 

Boulton, T.G., Stahl, N., Yancopoulos, G.D., 1994. Ciliary neurotrophic factor/leukemia inhibitory factor/interleukin 6/oncostatin M family of cytokines induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a common set of proteins overlapping those induced by other cytokines and growth factors. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (15), 11648-11655. 

Zhang, X.G., Gu, J.J., Lu, Z.Y., Yasukawa, K., Yancopoulos, G.D., Turner, K., Shoyab, M., Taga, T., Kishimoto, T., Bataille, R. and Klein, B. (1994) Ciliary neurotrophic factor, interleukin 11, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncosta-tin M are growth factors for human myeloma cell lines using the interleukin 6 signal transducer gpl30. J. Exp. Med. 179 1337-1342. 

Anand, P., Parrett, A., Martin, J., Zeman, S., Foley, P., Swash, M., Leigh, P.N., Cedarbaum, J.M., Lindsay, R.M., Williams-Chestnut, R.E. and Sinicropi, D.V. (1995) Regional changes of ciliary neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor levels in post mortem spinal cord and cerebral cortex from patients with motor disease. Warure A/ed. 1 168-172. Arakawa, Y., Sendtner, M. and Thoenen, H. (1990) Survival effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on chick embryonic motoneurons in culture comparison with other neurotrophic factors and cytokines. J. Neurosci. 10 3507-3515. 

N.Y. and Lindsay, R.M. (1992) Expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor and the neurotrophins - nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 -in cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes. Eur. J. Neurosci. 4 459-471. 

Numerous growth factors regulate neurogenesis in the CNS and are valuable tools in the maintenance and differentiation of NPC in culture. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) released by... 

Keywords Nerve growth factor (NGF) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GNTF) Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) Death receptors... 

Unoki K, LaVail MM. Protection of the rat retina from ischemic injury by brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994 35 907-915. 

Prior studies have demonstrated the promise of growth factors, neurotrophic factors, and cytokines given by intravitreal injection in short-term animal experiments as potential therapy for RP (15,27,28,30). Among these, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is effective (15). Unfortunately, the chronic nature of the disease and the adverse effects associated with repeated short-duration intraocular administration mitigates the use of CNTF by this delivery method. 

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