Continuity of supply

The business quality dimension. This is the extent to which the business services the needs of society. Customers are not only interested in the quality of particular products and services but judge suppliers by the general level of quality products they provide and continuity of supply, their care of the environment, and their adherence to health, safety, and legal regulations. 

In such diverse and sophisticated gas-using economies, security of supply and the efficient employment of producing assets depend upon an extensive network of pipelines that interconnect regions with diverse climates and diverse consumption patterns winter-peaking and summer-peaking demand that is climate-sensitive, business cycle-sensitive, and price-sensitive customers who place a high premium on continuity of supply, and those who are relatively insensitive to risk of interruption. These parties depend to a different degree, and place... 

Other factors which, together with the calorific value, will determine the economic value of an off-gas as a fuel are the quantity available and the continuity of supply. Waste gases are best used for steam raising, rather than for direct process heating, as this decouples the source from the use and gives greater flexibility. 

Holland, by comparison, has been supplied with organic fresh meat by a network of specialist organic butchers all purchasing from a central abattoir to provide continuity of supply and standards. Because of the butchers strength in this part of the market, some of the large supermarkets are starting only now to offer organic fresh meat. 

This is partly a reflection of higher costs of production but the main explanation must lie in the historically small volumes traded. As new farms come on stream, this factor should diminish in importance. Nevertheless, a processor seeking to develop a product which will use any significant volume would do well to secure supplies well in advance. Even when such precautions are taken, however, disaster can still strike. Some of the more unusual ingredients may be produced by only one or two farmers, with potential consequences for continuity of supply. For example, a crop failure in 1999 led to a complete cessation of the supply of organic lupin flour, important in the production of gluten-free bread. 

Stage 1. Raw material storage Unless the raw materials (also called feed stocks or feeds) are supplied as intermediate products (intermediates) from a neighboring plant, some provision will have to be made to hold several days or weeks worth of storage to smooth out fluctuations and interruptions in supply. Even when the materials come from an adjacent plant, some provision is usually made to hold a few hours or even days worth of inventory to decouple the processes. The storage required depends on the nature of the raw materials, the method of delivery, and what assurance can be placed on the continuity of supply. If materials are delivered by ship (tanker or bulk carrier), several weeks stocks may be necessary, whereas if they are received by road or rail, in smaller lots, less storage will be needed. 

Wood for charcoal production must first be cut, split and dried because wet wood has a low heat value. In the moist tropics it is difficult to hold timber in stack for more than a couple of months without noticeable deterioration, but even in that time the moisture content can drop from 60% towards 30%. Stock holding also ensures continuity of supply. 

Although it was intended from the start to incorporate an independent powerhouse in the Eastlays sub-depot, the Royal Engineers wavered in their resolve under pressure from the Treasury, and in February, 1939, Colonel Minnis admitted to the TTSC that we have not yet made up our minds whether to have a very small plant at Eastlays or to connect that Quarry with plant at Tunnel . The necessity to maintain a continuity of supply to the air-conditioning plant then under construction finally forced the decision. 

Ensuring availability and continuity of supply raw materials is fundamental to a well-organised business. Well in advance of going to market, the Purchasing Department would be advised of the formula for Eve , and the estimated volume requirement over the first few years. A plan would be drawn up with forecast of need over the months ahead, allowing... 

In cases where alterative reliable sources are necessary to ensure continuity of supply of a particular starting materials, there should normally be a mam supplier. 

The position of the pharmaceutical industry should he taken into account when the authorities plan to introduce new measures. It is clear that even fully justihed policies may he criticized vigorously hy industry if they impede its purely commercial interests, and that they will frequently have to be implemented in the face of such protest. On the other hand there are some situations in which caution is needed if one public interest is not to be sacrihced to another. While large multinational corporations are sufficiendy resilient and flexible to adapt to restrictive measures, local firms in developing and transitional countries may much more susceptible. Industrial employment, income, exports and economic activity at large may be at stake, or even the continuity of supplies for essential medicines. 

The use of peyotl or mescal buttons is also not limited to middle America. Mescalin-containing powder is encountered more and more in Europe, where the users are primarily members of the drug scene. However, continuity of supply of mescalin is problematical. The peyote cactus Lophophora williamsii is also grown occasionally in Germany. 

Company insurance for performance bonding is a common private-sector practice that ensures there is money in the system to ensure continuity of supplies or services if problems should arise. 

This approach extends to conjugates in which there may be certain commercial products or locally produced reagents that define the success of ELISAs. This is to ensure continuity of supply and standardization of reagents, sufficient quantities must be available to meet long-term needs. 

The virtue of ASTM D 5591-95 lies in its use as a means of assessing the quality or continuity of supply, rather than in its use as a predictor of performance under different conditions. 

The continuity of supply of the desalinated water can be ensured by using reserve desalinated water storage tanks. 

The scale and extent of namral gas distribution systems are growing rapidly (Montiel, 1996), and maintenance planning to ensure continuity of supply is an important problem. Valves are preparedness systems that are used to ensure continuity of supply in the event of a failure on the network. They are also for containment in the event of a leak, but this is another issue (Caputo, 2002). Valves are subject to functionality tests or inspections. We consider the inspection policy for a single valve in this case study. Consideration of the interactions with other components in the distribution system is the subject of a fully smdy in Cavalcante et al. (2009). 

The analysis here is a limited in that it does not consider downside risk in particular. We are also not considering safety aspects, merely loss of continuity of supply—only this is accounted for in the cost of an unmet demand, cp. 

Automatic transfer system In order to ensure continuity of supply in the event of a failure of either the unit or system power, an automatic transfer system is incorporated on the station service buses. Transfer of load from one service transformer to the other is accomplished by... 

Dried fruit must be capable of being stored for up to 12 months to allow continuity of supply to the market. During this time, fruit can deteriorate in quality, so it is important to be able to predict the storage life of a dried apricot sample. The storage life prediction test is based on the condition in which fruit would be after 4 months storage at 25 °C and 65% relative humidity. 

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