Brain derived neurotrophic factor receptors

BBB, blood brain barrier BBI, Bowman-Birk serine protease inhibitor BB-R, bombesin receptor BChE, butyryl cholinesterase BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF-RTK, brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor tyrosine kinase aBgTX, a-bungarotoxin BKAS, (3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase BK-R, bradykinin receptor BZ-R, benzodiazepine receptor... 

BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is a neuro-trophin, i.e. a target-derived growth factor, which is expressed in the brain predominantly in the hippocampus. It acts through its tyrosine kinase receptor, trkB,... 

Neurotrophins (NGF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF neurotrophin-3, NT-3 NT-4 NT-6) are important regulators of neural survival, development, function, and plasticity of the vertebrate nervous system [1]. Neurotrophins generally function as noncovalently associated homodimers. They activate two different classes of receptors, through which signaling pathways can be activated, including those mediated by Ras and members of the cdc42/rac/rho G protein families, MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, and Jun kinase cascades. 

FIGURE 2 7-2 Neurotrophin receptors. Neurotrophin family members bind specifically to cognate Trk receptors. The low affinity neurotrophin receptor, p75, promiscuously binds all neurotrophins. BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor NGF, nerve growth factor NT, neurotrophin. 

Barrett GL, Georgiou A, Reid K, Bartlett PF, Leung D. 1998. Rescue of dorsal root sensory neurons by nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3, but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor or neurotrophin-4, is dependent on the level of the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Neuroscience 85 1321-1328. 

BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor DAT, dopamine transporter DRD, dopamine receptor MAOA, monoamine oxidase A MB-catechol-O-methyltransferase QM-MSP, quantitative multiplex methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction RELN, reelin TH. These primers are suitable for QM-MSP. 

Figure 2.8. Scheme of a chimeric peptide with examples for each of the distinct domains. 0X26, anti-rat transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody (mAh) 84-15, anti-human insulin receptor mAh cHSA, cationized human serum albumin VIP, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide DALDA, dermorphin analogue NGF, nerve growth factor BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor PNA, peptide nucleic acid (3-gal, (3-galactosidase. 

The neurotrophins are a group of neurotrophic factors which all belong to the same gene family. They include NGF, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT-4/5) and neurotrophin-6 (NT-6). All are small, basic proteins sharing approximately 50% amino acid homology. They exist mainly as homodimers and promote signal transduction by binding to a member of the Trk family of tyrosine kinase receptors (Table 7.10). 

The signaling mechanisms activated by neurotrophic factors, which include nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are fundamentally different from those discussed for G protein-coupled receptors and Ca " (Russell and Duman 2002). The neurotrophic factors bind to specific receptors, TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC (the name Trk is derived from their identification as troponin/receptor kinases from colon carcinoma) (Fig. 2). The Trk receptors contain an extracellular binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. Two neurotrophic factor molecules are required for activation of a Trk receptor dimer, resulting in activation of the tyrosine kinase domains and phosphorylation of substrate proteins as well as autophosphorylation of the Trk receptor itself. 

Ampakines are drugs that potentiate currents mediated by AMPA-type glutamate receptors. In behavioral tests, ampakines are effective in correcting behaviors in various animal models of schizophrenia and depression. They protect neurons against neurotoxic insults, in part by mobilizing growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). 

Kozisek ME, Middlemas D, Bylund DB Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase in the mechanism of action of antidepressant therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2008 117(1) 30. [PMID 17949819]... 

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