Neural crest analyses

Le Lievre C, Le Douarin N (1975) Mesenchymal derivatives of the neural crest analysis of chimeric quail and chick embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol 34 125-154... 

Serbedzija, G. N., Bronner-Fraser, M., and Fraser, S. E. (1992). Vital dye analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration in the mouse embryo. Development 116 297-307. 

The effect of clioquinol-metal chelates has been tested on neural crest-derived melanoma cells (6). The effect of clioquinol chelates on cells was further studied by electron microscopy and by a mitochondrial potential-sensitive fluorescent dye. Of the ions tested, only clioquinol-zinc chelate was cytotoxic. This cytotoxicity was extremely rapid, suggesting that its primary effect was on the mitochondria, and electron microscopic analysis showed that the chelate caused mitochondrial damage. This was further confirmed by the observation that the chelate reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. The phenomenon of cUoquinol-mediated toxicity appeared to be specific to zinc and was not seen with other metals tested. Since clioquinol causes increased systemic absorption of zinc, it is likely that clioquinol-zinc chelate was present in appreciable concentrations in patients with SMON and may have been the causative toxin. 

Noden, D.M. 1975. An analysis of migratory behavior of avian cephalic neural crest cells. Dev. Biol. 42, 106-130. 

This neural crest plasticity correlates well with the cis-regulatory analysis of Hox genes, which have identified distinct elements responsible for regulating Hox gene expression in the hindbrain vs. the neural crest (Maconochie et al., 1999). 

Kulesa, P.M., Fraser, S.E. 2000. In ovo time-lapse analysis of chick hindbrain neural crest cell migration shows cell interactions during migration to the branchial arches. Development 127, 1161-1172. 

Bronner-Fraser, M. (1986a) Analysis of the early stages of trunk neural crest migration in avian embryos using monoclonal antibody HNK-I. Dev. Biol. 115 44-55. 

Derby, M.A. (1978) Analysis of glycosaminogiycans within the extracellular environments encountered by migrating neural crest cells. Dev. Biol. 66 321-336. 

Erickson, C.A., Tosney, K.W. and Weston, J.A. (1980) Analysis of migratory behavior of neural crest and fibroblastic cells in embryonic tissues. Dev. Biol. 77 142-156. 

Tan, S.S. and Morris-Kay, G.M. (1986) Analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration and early fates in postimplantation rat chimeras. J. Embryol. exp. Morphol. 98 21-58. 

The above transplantation experiments cannot give a clear picture of the differentiation potential of individual neural crest cells within a regional population. To do this, clonal analysis, either in vitro or in vivo, is required. In vitro, progeny of single neural crest cells (clones) can be influenced or manipulated relatively simply by adjusting the components of the medium. In this way, the differentiation potential of neural crest cells may be examined. An important bonus of this approach is that it also provides an assay for putative factors which may influence the development of the crest derivatives. A number of workers have developed these clonal cultures, and their results suggest that there are both committed and multipotential cells within the neural crest. 

Bronner-Fraser, M. and Fraser, S.E. (1988) Cell lineage analysis reveals multipotency of some avian neural crest cells. Nature 335 161-164. 

Ito, K. and Sieber-Blum, M. (1991) In vitro clonal analysis of quail cardiac neural crest development. Dev. Biol. 148 95-106. 

Sieber-Blum, M. and Cohen, A.M. (1980) Clonal analysis of quail neural crest cells they are pluripotent and differentiate in vitro in the absence of noncrest cells. Dev. Biol. 80 96-106. 

Weston, J.A. (1963) A radioautographic analysis of the migration and localization of trunk neural crest cells in the chick. Dev. Biol. 6 279-310. 

Gruler, H. and Nuccitelli, R. (1991) Neural crest cell galvanotaxis new data and a novel approach to the analysis of both galvanotaxis and chemotaxis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 19, 121-133. 

Serbedzija GN, Bronner-Fraser M, Fraser SE (1989) A vital dye analysis of timing and pathways of avian neural crest cell migration. Development 106 809-816. Kinder SJ, Tan S-S, Tam PPL (2000). Cell grafting and fate mapping of the early-somite-stage mouse embryo. In Methods in molecular biology, vol.l, pp. 425 37, Developmental Biology Protocols, vol. 135. 

Blasi F, Carmeliet P (2002) uPAR a versatile signalling orches-trator. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3 932-43 Board RE, Valle JW (2007) Metastatic colorectal cancer current systemic treatment options. Drugs 67 1851-1867 Bolender DL, Seliger WG, Markwald RR et al (1981) Structural analysis of extracellular matrix prior to the migration of cephalic neural crest cells. Scan Electron Microsc (Pt 2) 285-296... 

Our data reveal a remarkable similarity of SKPs to embryonic neural crest precursors, apparently including the capacity to engender plexiform or dermal neurofibromas. The identity of the tumor cell of origin and the facility for isolation and expansion provides fertile ground for the continued analysis to identify additional factors and signals within the tumor microenvironment that likely play essential roles in neurofibroma genesis. 

CLASH, Crest level assessment of coastal structures by fuU scale monitoring, neural network prediction and hazard analysis on permissible wave overtopping. Fifth Framework Program of the EU, Contract no. EVK3-CT-2001-00058. www.clash-eu.org. 

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