Environmentally benign synthesis

The terms green chemistry and environmentally benign synthesis have been coined to refer to procedures explicitly designed to minimize the for mation of byproducts that present disposal problems Both the National Science Foundation and the Envi ronmental Protection Agency have allocated a por tion of their grant budgets to encourage efforts m this vein... 

To pursue the development of environmentally benign synthesis routes for ionic liquids, the alkylation step (Menschutkin reaction) was investigated by the authors in detail. The preparation of the ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methyhmidazohum chloride ([CeMlMJCl) was taken as a representative experiment (Scheme 7.2). The process parameters temperature (T = 70-100°C), solvent (ethanol, xylene, cyclohexane, n-heptane, solvent free), concentration of the N-base (c = 1.6-6.7 M), molar ratio n n = 1 0.5-1 4) and reaction time (f = 10-144 h) were investigated. In addition, the N-base was altered in order to proof the transferability of the reaction parameters. 

Hancock died in Budapest, Hungary, in September 1993 while on official travel. He had served as Division Director since 1990, and since 1987 had provided direction either as Acting Division Director or Deputy Division Director. He guided the development of joint programs with the Division of Chemical and Thermal Systems in Electrochemical Synthesis and in Environmentally Benign Synthesis and Processing. Hancock recognized very early the opportunities for U.S. scientists in Eastern Europe... 

No. 30 Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Aromatic Polycarbonates. Summary of Lectures and Posters, http //www.gscn.net/event/meeting/summary.html... 

The environmentally benign synthesis of lactones has attracted attention because of their importance in natural product chemistry. The oxidative cyclization of diols via carbon-oxygen bond formation is the most well-known approach for the synthesis of lactones [70]. 

A related work by Nakamura et al. was recently reported to show the gold-catalyzed process of aminosulfonylation, the formal addition of a nitrogen-sulfur bond to an alkyne moiety, and environmentally benign synthesis of a wide variety of 3- and 6-sulfonylindoles, present in many biologically active compounds [120]. 

Finally, Drs. Georgios Papadogianakis and Roger Sheldon review catalysis in aqueous systems. These types of reactions are especially important in a new class of environmentally benign synthesis processes that are being developed in industry. 

The development of an environmentally benign synthesis of sildenafil citrate (Viagra ) and its assessment by green chemistry metrics. Green Chem. 6 (1) 43-48. 

Dunn, P. J., Galvin, S., Hettenbach, K. The Development of an Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) and Its Assessment by Green Chemistry Metrics. Green Chem. 2004, 6, 43 18. 

Environmentally benign synthesis Environmentally conscious manufacturing Green chemistry... 

APPLICATION OF FREE RADICALS TO ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN SYNTHESIS... 

Reed, S. M. Hutchison, J. E. Green Chemistry in the Organic Teaching Laboratory An Environmentally Benign Synthesis of Adipic Acid , J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 1627-1629. 

Keywoids. Environmentally benign synthesis, Catalysis, Green solvents. Supercritical fluids. Carbon dioxide. 

The use of water as a reaction medium in place of organic solvents is of great interest from the standpoint of environmentally benign synthesis of organics and polymers since the use of the former would significantly decrease harmful emissions, as well as cut costs associated with solvent recycling, ... 

Wolfgang Holderich and D. Heinz (Technische Hochschule Aachen) illustrate a problem - the application of heterogeneous catalysts to the environmentally benign synthesis of fine chemicals, such as fragrances. This is one example of how catalysts can be developed to synthesize products efficiently and cleanly. This type of green catalysis is one of the challenges we face, especially with large volume commodity chemicals. 

Recent interest in the development of environmentally benign synthesis has driven the development of the polymer-bound cyclopropanation catalyst 92... 

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